臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究透過銲材製造廠進行產品品質測試，選用4種常用銲接材料E308LT1-1(FCAW)、E71T-1C/1M(FCAW)、E308L-16(SMAW)、E7016(SMAW)及兩項電弧銲接技術，遮護金屬電弧銲(shielded metal arc welding, SMAW)、包藥銲線電弧銲(flux core arc welding, FCAW)進行銲接作業，所逸散粒狀污染物作業粒徑分佈、濃度進而評估在兩項銲接技術及不同銲接材料探討金屬燻煙成份特性與人員作業下暴露所可能產生的健康風險評估差異；採樣儀器為Marple 298個人多階衝擊器(Marple personal cascade impactor)進行粒徑分佈監測定點區域採樣，並將所採集樣本分別以感應耦合電漿原子放射光譜儀進行分析27種金屬燻煙。於定點區域採樣發現，四種銲材銲接測試作業粒狀污染物分佈集中落在小於4 μm如E71T-1C/1M(FCAW)在粒徑分佈3.5 μm到0.52 μm比例有24.35%，最高在過濾層達52.22%；E308LT1-1(FCAW)粒徑分佈3.5 μm到0.52 μm比例也有48.15%次高，在過濾層則達29.94%；E308L-16(SMAW)粒徑分佈3.5 μm到0.52 μm比例也有28.17%，在過濾層則達6.4%；E7016(SMAW)粒徑分佈分佈3.5 μm到0.52 μm比例也有高達45.98%，在過濾層則達25.64%。在致癌性健康風險評估部分發現氣動直徑小於4 μm吸入途徑致癌風險，四種銲接材料以砷與六價鉻及其化合物及總致癌風險指數皆大於10-3，為顯著性風險；鎘及其化合物為E71T-1C/1M(FCAW)、E308L-16(SMAW)、E7016(SMAW)三種銲材致癌性風險皆大於10-3，長期的職業暴露不可輕忽並且應重視減少可呼吸性微粒暴露。

This study investigated the particle size distributions, metals contents and inhalation health risks of welding fume generated during product quality testing in a welding consumables manufacturing factory. Four types of commonly used welding materials (E308LT1-1 (FCAW), E71T-1C/1M (FCAW), E308L-16 (SMAW) and E7016 (SMAW)) and two arc welding technologies (shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux core arc welding (FCAW)) were selected for testing. The emitted welding fumes for different welding operations were collected using Marple 298 personal cascade impactor (Marple personal cascade impactor) and further analyzed 27 metals in different particle sizes of welding fumes using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). Results show that most of the particle mass of welding fumes for different welding operations were measured in the particle size less than 4 μm. The mass percentage of collected in the size range of 3.5-0.52 μm and less than 0.52 μm for E71T-1C/1M(FCAW), E308LT1-1(FCAW), E308L-16(SMAW) and E7016(SMAW) welding processes were 24.35% and 48.15%, 48.15% and 29.94%, 28.17% and 6.4%, and 45.98% and 25.64%, respectively. Results of health risk assessments welding fume show that the cancer risk caused by occupational inhalation exposure to arsenic and hexavalent chromium for four welding processes exceeded 10-3. The inhalation exposure to arsenic during E71T-1C/1M(FCAW), E308L-16(SMAW) and E7016(SMAW) processes were also greater than 10-3. Therefore, there are some actions needed to be taken to reduce health risks caused by exposure to metal fume during welding processes in this factory.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1遮護金屬電弧銲(SMAW)銲接介紹 4
2.2包藥銲線電弧銲(FCAW)銲接介紹 5
2.3金屬粒狀污染物暴露來源 6
2.4金屬粒狀污染物可能危害 9
2.5健康風險評估 23
第三章 研究方法 31
3.1研究架構 31
3.2研究對象 33
3.3採樣分析與規劃 40
3.4金屬燻煙質量粒徑分佈 43
3.5金屬燻煙(metal fume)濃度分析 45
3.6採樣方式之品保與品管 47
3.7分析方法之品保與品管 48
3.8數據分析 49
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1作業環境空氣中微粒粒徑大小分佈 50
4.2作業環境中空氣金屬濃度 60
4.3健康暴露評估結果 65
第五章 結論與建議 78
5.1結論 78
5.2建議 80
參考文獻 82

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