臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

油槽火災為儲槽事故中最為常見且危險的事故之一，因油類儲槽一旦發生火災則難以撲滅，其燃燒面積較大，容易產生強烈的輻射熱造成人員難以靠近搶救，且鄰近儲槽所存放之燃料有被引燃之風險，而撲滅後仍有相當大的可能性造成復燃，形成二次災害。泡沫系統為目前抑制油槽火災最常見消防系統之一，但泡沫其耐熱效果不佳，容易造成回火，而為了使泡沫滅火效率提高，會在泡沫原液中皆添加大量氟化物等化學物質，且泡沫噴撒時僅只有30%能至燃料表面，導致大量泡沫洩漏於環境中，進而造成生態環境有汙染之疑慮，因此為降低泡沫系統進行滅火時造成大量泡沫浪費並洩漏於環境中造成環境的汙染，需要尋找其他滅火系統去輔助泡沫滅火。所以本研究將進行兩部分之實驗，第一部分進行不同滅火藥劑之滅火實驗，探討泡沫系統、珍珠石系統及泡沫聯合珍珠石系統之滅火、復燃及回火抵抗狀況；第二部分進行不同藥劑滅火順序之滅火實驗，調整泡沫與珍珠石滅火系統釋放順序，探討改變施放順序對於滅火、復燃及回火抵抗狀況之變化並與第一部分同時施放進行比較。而本研究之滅火實驗將參照UL 162 及EN 1568-3-2008 之測試步驟進行試驗。結果顯示泡沫系統本身具有撲滅火焰以及抗復燃之能力，但無法抵抗回火，珍珠石系統無法完全滅火亦無法抗復燃，但可以抵抗回火，而泡沫聯合珍珠石系統具有泡沫系統之特性，可以撲滅火焰並擁有抗復燃效果，同時又擁有珍珠石系統之特性，具有抵抗回火效果。因此，泡沫聯合珍珠石系統較兩單獨系統提供更好的滅火效能；而第二部分實驗皆有添加珍珠石，因此皆具有抵抗回火效果，但先施放泡沫後施放珍珠石系統因珍珠石落下時破壞泡沫層，導致其無法抗復燃，而同時施放與先施放珍珠石後施放泡沫系統皆能提供滅火、抗復燃及回火抵抗效果，因此需更一步討論其滅火時間、復燃時間點以及回火面積百分比，而6%泡沫與珍珠石同時於施放會於51秒撲滅火焰，其滅火時間為最佳，抗復燃效果第二次復燃測試時發生復燃現象為次佳，回火面積為10%亦是最佳，因此最佳之滅火方式為6%泡沫與珍珠石同時施放。

Tank fires are dangerous due to the high radiation exposure of fire fighters and difficulties of suppression. Foam system is the most common fire suppression agent for tank fires. Foam system could not bear heat, and could disappear due to heating. Additionally, only 30% foam could reach the fuel surface, and the other 70% bubbles may reach the area without fires. Some waste and pollution appear. A novel fire suppression system, which combines foam and perlites was proposed. In order to evaluate the suppression performance of the system, the fire suppression efficiency with foam system, perlites and the combined system were assessed by using 1 m oil pan. Additional backboard was used to mimic a tank wall. The rate of foam spread on the fuel and perlites surfaces were measured. The re-ignition and burn-back resistance were tested in the full-scale experiment. The results illustrated that the foam, perlites and the combined system performed better than other two in different performance items. The foam system can extinguish the fires, but flames burned back later. Additionally, the perlites system can almost extinguish the fires but some edge fires occurred, and performed good burn-back resistance. The combined system can extinguish the fires and performed good burn-back resistance. The second part of this study changed the order of the two systems. The results show that “foam first and then perlites” could not perform burn-back resistance because the perlites destroyed the foam layer. Additionally, foam could not spread smoothly in the case of “perlites first and then foam” because the perlite surface is rough. The case of foam and perlites activating simultaneously performed the best.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究方法與步驟 2
1.3 研究限制 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 油槽火災與案例 4
2.2 液體燃料火災燃燒特性 7
2.3 抑制油槽火災 14
2.3.1 泡沫系統滅火 14
2.3.2 固體顆粒滅火以及聯合系統滅火 21
2.4 泡沫系統法規 25
2.4.1 UL 162 25
2.4.2 EN 1568-3-2008 27
第三章 實驗方法與設計 29
3.1 實驗設計與設備 29
3.2 實驗設計 31
3.2.1 不同滅火藥劑實驗 31
3.2.2 不同藥劑滅火順序實驗 35
第四章 結果與討論 36
4.1 不同滅火藥劑滅火效能分析 36
4.1.1 不同滅火藥劑滅火過程觀察 36
4.1.2 不同滅火藥劑溫度歷程分析 41
4.1.3 不同滅火藥劑抗復燃分析 43
4.1.4 不同滅火藥劑回火抵抗分析 44
4.1.5 不同滅火藥劑性能評比 47
4.2 不同藥劑滅火順序滅火效能分析 48
4.2.1 不同藥劑滅火順序滅火過程觀察 48
4.2.2 不同藥劑滅火順序溫度歷程分析 52
4.2.3 不同藥劑滅火順序抗復燃分析 54
4.2.4 不同藥劑滅火順序回火抵抗分析 55
4.2.5 不同藥劑滅火順序性能評比 58
4.3 滅火機制 59
4.3.1 不同滅火藥劑滅火機制 59
4.3.2 不同藥劑滅火順序滅火機制 60
第五章 結論與未來建議 62
參考文獻 64

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