臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今對於產品的準確度與精準度之標準越來越高，使得機械業越來越重視高精度之製造。而滾珠螺桿為高精密之線性傳動元件，傳動精度是極為重要的，在運動過程中會因為滾珠與接觸軌道之間的摩擦，而導致磨損與摩擦熱，使元件熱膨脹，進而使平台傳動精度與穩定性也跟著受到影響。本文藉由有限元素分析軟體(Comsol)建立螺桿之熱模型進行熱分析，比較不同轉速下傳動性能參數的差異。根據滾珠螺桿運動學理論，運算出滾珠、螺帽、螺桿之正向力、摩擦係數、滑動速度等參數，再計算出滾珠螺桿在傳動時加、等、減速段的滾珠在軌道接觸面之平均熱通量，並將螺桿上所受到的總熱通量代入有限元素分析軟體進行熱分析，接著把螺桿在旋轉運動過程中所受的空氣對流冷卻影響加入螺桿與空氣以及固定元件之熱傳邊界條件設定並進行分析，再將熱分析之結果，溫度變化、螺桿伸長量與實驗數據相互比對，接著探討預壓力改變時，螺桿溫度的變化情況，與實驗相互驗證後，影響熱變位的敏感參數探討。
本研究建立了單螺帽加大滾珠預壓滾珠螺桿之熱膨脹分析模型，並與實驗結果相驗證，研究結果顯示，750 rpm之轉速，螺桿溫升量與伸長量為最小的，而3000 rpm因為轉速最快，所以變化量也為最大，從中發現螺帽內部預壓力的變化會影響到螺桿整體之溫度，且因為溫升的改變，也使伸長量受到影響，而對於移動平台之定位精度和穩定度也會受到影響。本文所建構之熱分析模擬，代入不同參數所分析出的結果，與不同轉速之實驗所得出的螺桿變形量和熱像儀溫升量相互比較後可發現理論分析與實驗之溫升趨勢一致且分析誤差小於20%。且螺桿正中間之溫升為最高。

Nowadays, the standards for product accuracy and precision are getting higher and higher, which makes the machinery industry pay more and more attention to high-precision manufacturing. The ball screw is a high-precision linear transmission element and the transmission accuracy is extremely important. During the movement, due to the friction between the ball and the contact track, wear and frictional heat will cause thermal expansion of components, which will affect the transmission accuracy and stability of the platform. This paper was used finite element analysis software (Comsol) to establish a thermal analyzing models of the screw, and compare the differences between transmission parameters at different speeds. According to the kinematic theory of ball screw the normal contact force, friction coefficient, sliding speed and other parameters of balls, nut, screw, is calculated and then the average heat flux of the ball of the contact surface of a raceway during the transmission of the ball screw at steady, acceleration, and deceleration stages are obtained. The heat flux, then substitutes the total heat the finite element analysis software as the boundary condition for thermal analysis, and the heat transfer boundary between the screw, the air and the fixed components due to the convective cooling effect of the air when the screw is moving. Results of thermal analysis, temperature change, screw elongation and experimental data are compared with each other, and then the screw’s temperature changing from the preload is discussed. After verifying experiment and analysis results, discuss the change of screw parameters.
In this study, the thermal expansion analysis model of over-size-ball preloaded single nut ball-screw was established and verified by the experimental results. The research results show that different speeds have different results. The speed of 750 rpm has the smallest temperature rise and elongation of the screw, while the speed of 3000 rpm is the fastest, so the amount of change is the largest. It is found that the change of pre-pressure inside the nut will affect the overall temperature of the screw. In addition, the rising in temperature affects the elongation of the screw, the positioning accuracy and stability of the platform is also changed. In this study, the thermal analysis simulation is constructed, different parameters are substituted to obtain the simulation results. Experiments with different rotation speeds are conducted to compare the results of the screw deformation and the thermal imager temperature rise. It can be found that the theoretical analysis and the temperature rise trend of the experiment are consistent. The analysis error is less than 20% and the temperature rise in the middle of the screw is the highest.

摘要.....i
Abstract.....ii
誌謝.....iv
目錄.....v
表目錄.....vii
圖目錄.....viii
第一章 緒論.....1
1.1 前言.....1
1.2 文獻回顧.....2
1.2.1 滾珠螺桿的性能參數.....2
1.2.2 預壓力對滾珠螺桿的影響.....2
1.2.3 摩擦力對定位的影響.....3
1.2.4 滾珠螺桿運動學....3
1.2.5 滾珠螺桿熱分析.....3
1.3 研究動機.....4
1.4 研究目的.....4
1.5 論文架構.....5
第二章 理論分析.....7
2.1 建立熱模型.....7
2.2 滾珠接觸帶.....7
2.2.1 真實接觸角.....7
2.2.2 考慮轉速條件....10
2.2.3 赫茲彈性變形.....10
2.3 摩擦係數運算.....11
2.4 平均熱通量.....12
2.4.1 單顆滾珠熱通量.....12
2.4.2 螺帽與螺桿的熱通量計算.....12
2.4.3 加減等速效應.....13
2.5 週期內之平均熱通量.....15
2.6 有限元素法.....16
2.6.1 邊界條件設定.....16
2.7 螺桿定位與熱變位.....19
第三章 實驗設備與實驗方法.....21
3.1 實驗目的.....21
3.2 實驗機台設備.....21
3.3 感測器簡介與裝配.....23
3.3.1 推拉力計介紹與量測...23
3.3.2 預壓扭矩介紹與量測.....24
3.3.3 螺桿溫度介紹與量測.....24
3.3.4 螺桿伸長量介紹與量測.....24
3.3.5 平台精度位移介紹與量測.....25
3.3.6 螺帽之溫度量測.....26
3.4 實驗方法與規劃.....27
第四章 結果與討論.....29
4.1 螺桿之溫升....29
4.2 螺帽之溫升....33
4.3 螺桿伸長量....36
4.4 平台定位....40
4.5 實驗與模擬比較....44
4.6 傳動扭矩......53
第五章 結論與未來展望....65
5.1 結論.....65
5.2 未來展望....66
參考文獻....67
Extended Abstract.....69

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