臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今全球處於能源轉型的關鍵時代，因應國際情勢及能源環境的快速變化，如何確保能源穩定的情況下，同時兼顧環境永續發展，已成為全球關注的課題。台灣自產能源匱乏，其中97.8%能源都仰賴進口，自產能源僅占了2.2%，自產資源中就有1.2%為生質能與廢棄物，這也意味著農林植物剩廢將成為珍貴的生質能資材，其中又以竹子最具價值，不僅本身具有生長快速、生育期短、繁殖力強等特性，將其製作成燃料棒也有高熱值、低灰分是很好的生質燃料。

本文將以竹剩廢資材再處理設備鄰廠作業作為研究主軸，透過實際操作設備得知其操作流程，且分別計算各設備之成本與產能，並根據實驗結果規劃出有效的操作流程，針對可改善部分提出有效的改善方案。以自行生產之竹質燃料棒作為氣化實驗之原料，進行氣化實驗得出竹質燃料棒之氣化效率，以便後續以可燃氣作為燃料之研究基礎。

臨場作業規劃依照各設備產能來看，各設備產能在每小時135公斤以上，除了烘乾設備之產能僅有每小時30公斤左右，完全跟不上整體生產效率，因此在烘乾作業這部分有很大的改善空間。且部分操作流程可以透過跟換設備來簡化作業流程，如粗、細破碎機可更換成市售粉碎機以減少一道工序，即可大幅度減少操作時間及成本。

Today, the world is in a critical era of energy transformation. In response to the rapid changes in the international situation and the energy environment, how to ensure energy stability while taking into account the sustainable development of the environment has become a topic of global concern; Taiwan is lack of self-produced energy, of which 97.8% Energy relies on imports, self-produced energy accounts for only 2.2%, and 1.2% of self-produced resources are biomass energy and waste, which also means that agricultural, forestry and plant waste will become precious biomass energy materials. Bamboo is the most valuable. It not only has the characteristics of rapid growth, short growth period and strong fertility, but also has high calorific value and low ash content when it is made into fuel rods. It is a good biomass fuel.

This paper will take the operation of the reprocessing equipment for wood, bamboo and waste materials as the main research axis. Through the actual operation of the equipment, the operation process will be known, and the cost and production capacity of each equipment will be calculated separately, and the effective operation process will be planned according to the experimental results. And put forward effective improvement plans for the parts that can be improved. And using the self-produced bamboo fuel rods as the raw material for the gasification experiment, the gasification experiment was carried out to obtain the gasification efficiency of the bamboo fuel rods, so as to use the combustible gas as a fuel for the subsequent research basis.

The on-site operation planning is based on the production capacity of each equipment. The production capacity of each equipment is more than 135 kg per hour. Except for the drying equipment, the production capacity is only about 30 kg per hour, which cannot keep up with the overall production efficiency. Therefore, in this part of the drying operation, there are Lots of room for improvement. And part of the operation process can be simplified by replacing the equipment. For example, the coarse and fine crushers can be replaced with commercial crushers to reduce one process, which can greatly reduce the operation time and cost.

摘要........................i
Abstract....................ii
誌謝........................iii
目錄........................iv
表目錄.......................vi
圖目錄......................vii
第一章 緒論...................1
1.1前言.......................1
1.2研究目的與方法..............2
1.3論文架構...................2
第二章 文獻回顧................3
2.1生質物與生質能.............3
2.2 固態廢棄物衍生燃料RDF......4
2.3固化成形技術................5
2.4氣化技術....................7
2.4.1 氣化爐基本原理...........7
2.4.2 乾燥區...................8
2.4.3 熱解區...................8
2.4.4 氧化區...................8
2.4.5 還原區...................9
第三章 系統架構與實驗方法.......10
3.1整體架構....................10
3.1.1破竹機....................11
3.1.2粗破碎機..................11
3.1.3生質能烘乾爐..............12
3.1.4細破碎機..................13
3.1.5造棒機.....................14
3.1.6氣化爐....................15
3.2系統操作流程.................16
3.2.1系統注意事項...............16
3.2.2操作流程...................17
3.3量測設備.....................19
3.3.1全自動熱卡計...............19
3.3.2氣體分析儀.................20
3.3.1量測設備...................21
第四章 實驗結果..................22
4.1設備選擇與改善................22
4.1.1破碎設備....................22
4.1.2烘乾設備....................24
4.2設備產能與成本.................24
4.2.1破竹機效率...................24
4.2.2粗破碎機效率................25
4.2.3生質能烘乾爐效率.............25
4.2.4細破碎機效率................26
4.2.5造棒機效率..................27
4.2.6氣化效率....................27
第五章 結論與建議.................32
5.1結論..........................32
5.2建議..........................34
參考文獻..........................35
Abstract.........................36

[1]經濟部能源局，2020年，能源轉型白皮書(核定本)。
[2]經濟部能源局，2020年，能源統計手冊。
[3]行政院農委會，2020年，第四次森林資源調查報告。
[4]廖明村，"淺談生質物及生物質"，水利土木科技資訊，59期，頁24~28。
[5]張揚狀，2016年，"生質能"，科技發展月刊，520期，頁46~50。
[6]萬浩鵬，2014年，"生質物—後化石時代的重要能源與工業原料¬"，科技發展月刊，497期，頁52~59。
[7]台灣生質能技術發展協會，2018年，機械生物處裡，取自：http://www.twbiomass.org.tw/Associations/AssociationDetail?sn=12
[8]王慶和、孫勇，2014年，"我國生物質燃料固化成型設備研究現狀"，東北農業大學工程學院、黑龍江農業職業技術學院，取自：https://coccad.com/subject/about/3949.html
[9]李平、蔡鳴、陳正明、崔晉波，"生物質成型燃料技術研究進展及應用效益分析"，重慶市農業科學院，取自：https://read01.com/zyoza2R.html#.YshDlXZBzIX
[10]簡光勵，2012年"生質物催化氣化反應動力及產能特性之評估研究"，博士論文，逢甲大學環境工程與科學所。取自： https://hdl.handle.net/11296/rhw78n。
[11]劉邱豪，2005年6月，向下氣流式木質燃料空氣氣化爐之空氣輸配及進料控制對產氣狀況之影響研究，國立台灣大學
[12]曾善章，2009年，建立固體及液體之熱值檢測技術能力（燃燒彈熱卡計），取自：https://www.bsmi.gov.tw/wSite/public/Data/f1291877144169.pdf
[13]湖北銳意自控系統有限公司，http://www.gasanalyzer.com.cn/meiqi/info117/