本論文提出貼附於垂直型擋風玻璃之電子標籤天線設計。以輻射
場型調整且與晶片達成共軛匹配為主要設計考量，透過閉迴路結構與
背面耦合金屬片，調整天線輻射場型具有傾角上揚特性且能與晶片達
成共軛匹配。本論文介紹兩款市面上主流的射頻辨識晶片，分別為
Alien Higgs 3 及NXP SL3S50xx，兩款晶片阻抗及靈敏度特性皆不
同，對於電子標籤天線的性能與設計上也會造成影響。首先第一款天
線與Alien Higgs 3 晶片進行結合，利用閉迴路結構調整天線阻抗特
性，使其可與晶片達成共軛匹配，並藉由背面金屬片與正面天線路徑
耦合，對天線輻射場型造成影響，使其輻射上揚以符合國道門架
Reader 的發射方向，最遠讀取距離可達到2.5 米。因門架周圍基地台
訊號強烈干擾讀取器與電子標籤天線之間的訊號傳送，故提出另一款
與NXP SL3S50xx 晶片結合之標籤天線，其晶片特性有效提升干擾耐
受度，在讀取距離亦可達到2.5 米，且干擾耐受度可達到3.32 dBm，
其天線相關參數及特性探討將於本論文中提出說明與討論。

In this thesis, two tag antenna designs for passive radio-frequency
identification (RFID) are proposed. Two mainstream RF identification
chips in the market, namely Alien Higgs 3 and NXP SL3S50xx, are used
to integrate with the tag antennas, respectively. First, a novel tag antenna
with the parasitic metal plate on the back side is proposed to integrate
with the Alien Higgs 3 chip and attached on windshield of the bus or
trunk. By adjusting the dimension of the closed loop near the chip to
obtain the conjugate impedance, the reading distance between the reader
antenna and the tag can be more than 2.5 meters due to the effect of the
tilt angle caused by the parasitic metal plate on the back side of the tag.
Then, in order to reduce the interference from the nearby base station, we
propose a novel tag antenna integrated with the NXP SL3S50xx chip to
obtain the optimal radiation performance. The interference tolerance is
promoted to be 3.32 dBm and the reading distance more than 2.5 meters.
Details of the proposed tag antenna designs are described in this study,
and the related results for the obtained performance are presented and
discussed.

文字目錄
頁
次
文字目錄 ........................................................................................................................ i
圖形目錄 ..................................................................................................................... iii
表格目錄 ..................................................................................................................... vi
第一章 前言 ( Introduction )
1.1 研究背景 .......................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的 .......................................................................................3
1.3 文獻探討 .......................................................................................6
1.4 論文章節提要 ...............................................................................6
第二章 與Alien Higgs 3 晶片結合之電子標籤天線設計 (Design of Tag
Antenna Integrated with Alien Higgs 3 Chip)
2.1 簡介 ............................................................................................... 9
2.2 天線設計與原理 ......................................................................... 10
2.3 實驗結果與分析 ....................................................................... 114
第三章 與NXP SL3S50x 晶片結合之電子標籤天線設計 (Design of Tag
Antenna Integrated with NXP SL3S50x Chip))
3.1 簡介 ............................................................................................. 43
3.2 天線設計與原理 ......................................................................... 43
3.3 實驗結果與分析.................................. ...................................... 47
第四章 結論 （Conclusions） ........................................................................ 74
ii
參考文獻 ( References ) ..................................................................................... 76
論文著作表 (Publication List) ................................................................................ 81
iii
圖形目錄
頁
次
圖1.1 ETC RFID 系統 ...........................................................................................1
圖1.2 RFID 系統之架構圖 ...................................................................................4
圖1.3 Reader 與Tag 天線輻射方向 .....................................................................5
圖2.1 與Alien Higgs 3 晶片結合之標籤天線設計幾何結構圖 .......................10
圖2.2 天線饋入方式 (a)平衡式；(b)非平衡式 ................................................ 11
圖2.3 全電波無反射室量測機制示意圖............................................................13
圖2.4 電子標籤之動態特性量測機制；(a)測試門架；(b)動態場域測試設
備 ................................................................................................................14
圖2.5 與 Alien Higgs 3 晶片結合之標籤天線實體圖；(a)正面結構圖；(b)
背面結構圖 ................................................................................................15
圖2.6 與Alien Higgs 3 晶片結合之標籤天線實測與模擬圖 ; (a)實部電阻
(Input Resistance) 圖；(b) 虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c) 反
射損失 (Return Loss) 圖 .........................................................................16
圖2.7 與 Alien Higgs 3 晶片結合之標籤天線的正面模擬電流分佈圖；
(a)正面；(b)背面.......................................................................................17
圖2.8 電子標籤天線在XY 平面之2D 輻射場型模擬圖 .................................18
圖2.9 電子標籤天線隨Closed Loop 長度 (L2) 變化之模擬圖;(a)實部電
阻 (Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖 .....................................................................19
iv
圖2.10 電子標籤天線隨Closed Loop 長度 (L5) 變化之模擬圖; (a)實部電
阻 (Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖 .....................................................................21
圖2.11 電子標籤天線隨長度 (L6) 變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部電阻 (Input
Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)反射損失
(Return Loss) 圖........................................................................................23
圖2.12 電子標籤天線結構探討 .............................................................................23
圖2.13 電子標籤天線隨背面結構變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部電阻 (Input
Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)反射損耗
(Return Loss) 圖；(d) 2D 輻射場型圖 ....................................................25
圖2.14 電子標籤天線隨背面金屬片 (W9) 寬度變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部電
阻 (Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖；(d) 2D 輻射場型圖 ..................................28
圖2.15 電子標籤天線隨背面長度 (L11) 變化模擬圖 ; (a)實部電阻
(Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖；(d) 2D 輻射場型圖 ..................................30
圖2.16 由讀取器 (Measurement Unit) 所測得(a)發射Tag 最低啟動功率
與 (b) 所接收Tag 反射功率的實測結果圖 ...........................................32
圖2.17 Tag 端最低啟動功率大小的實測結果圖 .................................................32
圖2.18 電子標籤天線可讀取距離的實測結果圖................................................33
圖2.19 電子標籤天線由讀取器 (Measurement Unit) 端所測得發射與接收
反射功率之曲線關係圖(a) 922 MHz；(b)925MHz ................................34
圖2.20 與 Alien Higgs 3 晶片結合之電子標籤天線讀取距離場型圖 ..............35
圖2.21 電子標籤天線貼附於擋風玻璃 ................................................................37
圖2.22 動態場域讀取距離實測圖 ........................................................................37
圖2.23 電子標籤天線貼附於擋風玻璃 ................................................................39
v
圖2.24 動態場域讀取距離實測圖 ........................................................................39
圖2.25 動態場域讀取距離抗干擾量測實測圖....................................................40
圖2.26 動態場域讀取距離抗干擾量測實測圖....................................................40
圖2.27 電子標籤天線干擾發射功率 ....................................................................41
圖2.28 電子標籤干擾交易功率 ............................................................................41
圖3.1 與NXP SL3S50x 晶片結合之電子標籤天線幾何結構圖 ..................... 44
圖3.2 (a) 測試門架；(b) 動態場域測試設備 ................................................ 46
圖3.3 與 NXP SL3S50x 晶片結合之標籤天線實體圖；(a)正面結構圖；
(b)背面結構圖 ...........................................................................................47
圖3.4 與NXP SL3S50x 晶片結合之標籤天線實測與模擬圖 ; (a)實部電
抗 (Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損失 (Return Loss) 圖 .....................................................................49
圖3.5 與NXP SL3S50x 晶片結合之標籤天線的正面模擬電流分佈圖；(a)
正面 (b)背面 ......................................................................................... 50
圖3.6 電子標籤天線在XY 平面之2D 輻射場型模擬圖 ............................... 51
圖3.7 電子標籤天線隨Closed Loop 長度 (L5) 變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部
電抗 (Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖 ................................................................... 52
圖3.8 電子標籤天線隨Close Loop 長度 (L8) 變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部電
阻 (Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖 ................................................................... 54
圖3.9 電子標籤天線結構探討 ......................................................................... 54
圖3.10 電子標籤天線隨背面結構變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部電阻 (Input
Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)反射損耗
(Return Loss) 圖；(d)2D 輻射場型圖 ................................................... 56
圖3.11 電子標籤天線隨背面金屬片(W7)長度變化之模擬圖 ; (a)實部電
vi
阻(Input Resistance) 圖；(b)虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c)
反射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖；(d)2D 輻射場型圖 ................................. 59
圖3.12 電子標籤天線隨背面長度 (W6) 變化模擬圖 ; (a) 實部電阻
(Input Resistance) 圖；(b) 虛部電抗 (Input Reactance) 圖；(c) 反
射損耗 (Return Loss) 圖；(d) 2D 輻射場型圖 .................................... 61
圖3.13 電子標籤天線由讀取器 (Measurement Unit) 測得 (a) 發射Tag 最
低啟動功率與 (b) 所接收Tag 反射功率的實測結果圖 ...................... 63
圖3.14 Tag 端最低啟動功率大小的實測結果圖 ............................................... 63
圖3.15 電子標籤天線可讀取距離的實測結果圖 .............................................. 64
圖3.16 電子標籤天線由讀取器 (Measurement Unit) 端所測得發射與接收
反射功率曲線關係圖 (a) 923 MHz； (b) 925 MHz ............................. 65
圖3.17 電子標籤天線讀取距離場型圖 ............................................................. 66
圖3.18 電子標籤天線貼附於一般型擋風玻璃實際圖 ...................................... 68
圖3.19 動態場域讀取距離實測圖 ..................................................................... 69
圖3.20 電子標籤天線貼附於垂直型擋風玻璃 ................................................. 70
圖3.21 動態場域讀取距離實測圖 ..................................................................... 70
圖3.22 動態場域讀取距離抗干擾量測實測圖 ................................................. 71
圖3.23 動態場域讀取距離抗干擾量測實測圖 ................................................. 71
圖3.24 電子標籤天線干擾發射功率 ................................................................. 72
圖3.25 電子標籤干擾交易功率 ......................................................................... 72
圖3.26 電子標籤干擾交易功率 ......................................................................... 73
vii
表格目錄
頁
次
表1.1 主動式與被動式標籤特性比較 ..................................................................2
表1.2 RFID 系統的操作頻帶與特性 ...................................................................3
表1.3 各國RFID UHF 頻段開放頻率表 .............................................................4
表2.1 雙饋入多頻天線之相關尺寸參數............................................................10
表2.2 雙饋入多頻天線之操作頻段因電感元件誤差量變動結果 ...................25
表3.1 具匹配電路之多頻天線相關尺寸參數....................................................38
表3.2 具匹配電路之多頻天線操作頻段因電感及電容元件誤差量變動結
果 ................................................................................................................46

[1] 陸瑞漢，2011，RFID 標籤天線設計與量測，高立圖書有限公司。
[2] https://www.iso.org/standard/59644.html.
[3] Generation-2 UHF RFID, Protocol for Communications at 860MHz -
960MHz, Version 2.0.1, EPCglobal, Apr, 2015.
[4] https://www.iso.org/standard/46149.
[5] https://www.fetc.net.tw/
[6] https://www.itu.int/en/Pages/default.aspx
[7] http://www.enigmatic-consulting.com/
[8] https://www.ansys.com/zh-tw/products/electronics/ansys-hfss
[9] https://www.alientechnology.com/company/
[10] https://www.nxp.com/cn/
[11] H. H. Tran, S. X Ta and I Park, 2014, “A compact circularly polarized
crossed-dipole antenna for an rfid tag”, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag.
Lett., vol. 14, pp.674-677, December.
[12] J. P. Chen and P. Hsu, 2013, “A compact strip dipole coupled split-ring
resonator antenna for rfid tags”, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett.,
vol. 55, no. 61, pp. 5372-5376, November.
[13] 吳家傑，2010，可依附於水上載具玻璃之 UHF 標籤天線設計，國
立高雄科技大學，碩士論文
[14] Y. Choi, U. Kim, J. Kim and J. Choi, 2017, “Compact folded dipole with
embedded matching loop for universal tag applications”, IEEE Trans
Antennas Propagation., vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 2173-2181, March.
[15] G. Marrocco, 2007, “ RFID antenna for the UHF remote monitoring of
human subjects”, IEEE Trans Antennas Propagation., vol. 55, no. 6, pp.
1862-1870, June.
78
[16] Y. He, G. Wang and C. W. Yang, 2015, “UHF RFID Tag with slot antenna
integrated into blister medicine package”, IET Electron. Lett., vol. 15, no.
6, pp.956-959, October.
[17] S. Y. Chen and P. Hsu, 2006, “CPW-fed folded-slot monopole antenna for
RFID application”, IET Electron. Lett., vol. 42, no. 21, pp. 1193-1194,
October.
[18] W. Liu, Z. Zhang and Z. Feng, 2012, ‘‘ISM 433-MHz miniaturized
antenna using the shielding box of mobile terminals’’, IEEE Antennas
Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 11, pp. 330-333, March.
[19] K. S. Sultan, H. H. Abdullah, E. A. Abdallah and E. A. Hashish, 2013 ,
‘‘Low-SAR, miniaturized printed antenna for mobile, ISM, and WLAN
services’’, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 12, pp. 1106-1109,
September.
[20] P. V. Anila, K. K. Indhu, C. M. Nijas, R. Sujith, S. Mridula and P.
Mohanan, 2014, ‘‘A planar compact metamaterial-inspired broadband
antenna’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 56, pp. 610-613, March.
[21] Y. L. Ban, C. L. Liu, Z. Chen, J. L. W. Li and K. Kang, 2014, “Small-Size
multiresonant octaband antenna for LTE/WWAN smartphone
applications”, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 619-
622, March.
[22] P. W. Lin and K. L. Wong, 2014, ‘‘Low-profile multibranch monopole
antenna with integrated matching circuit for LTE/WWAN/WLAN
operation in the tablet computer’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 56, pp.
1662-1666, July.
[23] L. Y. Chen and K. L. Wong, 2014, ‘‘Combined-type dual-wideband
antenna for 2G/3G/4G tablet device’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 56,
pp. 2799-2805, December.
[24] K. L. Wong and M. T. Chen, 2015, ‘‘Very-low-profile dual-wideband loop
antenna for LTE tablet computer’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, pp.
141-146, January.
[25] K. L. Wong and S. N. Hsu, 2015, ‘‘Small-size two-branch monopole
antenna with integrated wideband matching network for LTE tablet
computer’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, pp. 507-513, February.
79
[26] K. L. Wong and Z. G. Liao, 2015, ‘‘Small-size dual-wideband monopole
antenna with inductive and capacitive feeding branches for long term
evolution tablet computer application’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol.
57, pp. 853-860, April.
[27] K. L. Wong and C. Y. Tsai, 2015, ‘‘Combined-type triple-wideband LTE
tablet computer antenna’’, Micro. Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 57, pp. 1262-
1267, May.
[28] B. R. Jackson and S. J. Boyes, 2017, ‘‘Radiation pattern-agile dual planar
inverted-F antenna’’, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. ,vol. 16, pp.
2090-2093, May.
[29] V. T. Nguyen and C. W. Jung, 2015, ‘‘Radiation-pattern reconfigurable
antenna for medical implants in medradio band’’, IEEE Antennas
Wireless Propag. Lett., vol. 15, pp. 106-109, May.
[30] K. V. S. Rao, P. V. Nitikin and S. F. Lam, 2005, ‘‘Antenna design for UHF
RFID tags : A review and a practical application’’ IEEE Antennas
Wireless Propag., vol. 53, pp. 3870 - 3876, December.
[31] 翁金輅，1999，平面天線理論與設計，國立中山大學電機工程系
[32] R. C. Hua and T. G. Ma, ‘‘A printed dipole antenna for ultra high
frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) handheld reader’’,
IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag., vol. 55 pp. 3742 – 3745, December.
[33] https://www.metag.tw/