臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來替代飲食興起，素食更是蓬勃發展，但國內外對素食定義的不一致影響研究結果，欲與國際接軌勢必先了解國內情況。本研究旨在瞭解民眾及海鮮素食者對海鮮素飲食模式於動機、阻礙、海鮮素認同與嘗試意願之狀態。利用便利取樣針對民眾於2019年4至7月間在國立高雄科技大學楠梓校區、楠梓加工出口區管理處從業員工服務中心及網路發放問卷，共回收958份有效樣本，有效回收率94.9%。以敘述性統計、信效度分析、常態性檢定、曼－惠特尼U檢定、K-W檢定、卡方檢定、斯皮爾曼等級相關分析、二元邏輯迴歸分析來進行資料分析，藉此發展訪談大綱並輔以深度訪談。結果顯示：
1、 民眾不同的個人特質，其動機、阻礙、海鮮素認同及嘗試意願有部分顯著差異。
2、 民眾的動機與阻礙僅部分顯著相關。
3、 動機、阻礙皆能有效預測嘗試意願。
4、 海鮮素認同在動機與阻礙對嘗試意願的預測中不存在干擾效果。
5、 臺灣社會中確實存在海鮮素食者。

The rise of alternative diets in recent years, vegetarianism is booming, but the inconsistency in the international definition of vegetarianism affects the result of research. If you want to connect with the international community, it is necessary to first understand the situation in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to understand the motivation, hinderce, identity and intention of people and pescatarians for pescatarian diet.
From April 2019 to July 2019, a survey was carried out to investigate people at NKUST Nanzih campus, EPZA employment service center and online. Primary data were collected through convenience sampling, a total of 958 effective samples were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 94.9%. The data was analyzed bt the descriptive statistics, reliability, validity, normality test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, Spearman rank correlation and binary logistic regression. Finally, the results were used to develop an interview outline and supplemented by in-depth interviews. The results are as follows:
1. The different personal characteristics showed partially significant difference with motivation, hinderce, pescatarian identity and intention.
2. Motivation and hinderce are partly significantly related.
3. Motivation and hinderce both can predict the intention.
4. Pescatarian identity does not have interference effect in the prediction of intention by motivation and hinderce.
5. There are indeed a few pescatarians in Taiwan.

摘要 I
Abstract II
謝辭 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 XI

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究問題 5
第三節 研究動機 7
第四節 研究目的 8
第五節 研究流程 9

第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 海鮮素之概述 11
第二節 素食的飲食內容與人口 15
第三節 素食的動機與阻礙 21
第四節 素食者的嘗試意願 28
第五節 研究變數之間的關係 33

第三章 研究方法 34
第一節 研究架構 34
第二節 研究假說 35
第三節 研究變數操作性定義與衡量 36
第四節 抽樣方法與樣本數 43
第五節 問卷設計與預試 45
第六節 資料處理與統計分析 55
第七節 深度訪談 60

第四章 結果 66
第一節 樣本特性描述 67
第二節 動機、阻礙、海鮮素認同及嘗試意願之現況分析 72
第三節 信效度分析 78
第四節 常態性檢定 86
第五節 個人特質對動機之差異分析 89
第六節 個人特質對阻礙之差異分析 91
第七節 個人特質對海鮮素認同之差異分析 93
第八節 個人特質對嘗試意願之差異分析 95
第九節 動機與阻礙之相關分析 99
第十節 動機、阻礙、海鮮素認同及嘗試意願之邏輯迴歸分析 100

第五章 討論 107
第一節 多元動機 107
第二節 阻力、助力？面對阻礙、克服困難 112
第三節 顛覆刻板、尊重認同 119
第四節 增進意願、預測趨勢 122
第六章 結論與建議 125
第一節 研究結論 125
第二節 建議 126
第三節 研究限制 129
第四節 未來研究 130

參考文獻 131
一、中文文獻 131
二、外文文獻 135
三、網路資料 146
附錄一：預試問卷 148
附錄二：正式問卷 154
附錄三：訪談大綱 160
 
表目錄
表2- 1 不同研究對海鮮素的定義 13
表2- 2 有關植物性飲食的一般建議 15
表2- 3 不同研究對素食使用的定義 16
表2- 4 各國素食人口概況 18
表2- 5 素食分類與定義 19
表2- 6 不同研究對動機的定義與衡量方法 21
表2- 7 不同研究對動機的分類 22
表2- 8不同研究對阻礙的定義與衡量方法 24
表2- 9不同研究對阻礙的分類 25
表2- 10不同研究對認同的定義 29
表2- 11不同研究對自我認同的衡量方法 30
表3- 1 紙本問卷和網路問卷優缺比較 43
表3- 2 問卷初稿內容效度審查之專家名單（依姓氏筆劃排列） 45
表3- 3 項目分析評定標準 46
表3- 4 動機項目分析考核表 50
表3- 5 阻礙項目分析考核表 52
表3- 6 嘗試意願項目分析考核表 54
表4- 1 問卷樣本回收情況 66
表4- 2 民眾個人特性之敘述性分析 68
表4- 3 海鮮素食者的個人資訊 71
表4- 4 動機之敘述性分析 73
表4- 5 阻礙之敘述性分析 75
表4- 6 海鮮素認同之敘述性分析 76
表4- 7 正式問卷信效度分析一覽表 79
表4- 8 動機之因素分析 81
表4- 9 阻礙之因素分析 84
表4- 10 海鮮素認同之因素分析 85
表4- 11 Kolmogorov-Smirnov常態性檢定 88
表4- 12 民眾個人特質對動機之差異分析總表 89
表4- 13 海鮮素食者如素的動機 90
表4- 14 民眾個人特質對阻礙之差異分析總表 91
表4- 15 海鮮素食者遭遇的阻礙 92
表4- 16 民眾個人特質對海鮮素認同之差異分析總表 93
表4- 17 海鮮素食者的身分認同 94
表4- 18 個人特質對嘗試意願之差異分析總表 95
表4- 19 海鮮素食者的食素資訊 98
表4- 20 動機與阻礙之相關分析表 99
表4- 21 動機、阻礙與嘗試意願之邏輯迴歸分析表 102
表4- 22 動機與嘗試意願之階層邏輯迴歸分析表 104
表4- 23 阻礙與嘗試意願之階層邏輯迴歸分析表 106
表5- 1 一般民眾與海鮮素食者的動機比較 111
表5- 2 一般民眾與海鮮素食者的阻礙比較 118
表5- 3 一般民眾與海鮮素食者的海鮮素認同比較 121
表5- 4 Model 1-2預測分類表 124

 
圖目錄
圖1- 1 Maslow需求層次改變歷程 1
圖1- 2 世界人口規模與年增長率 2
圖1- 3 研究流程 10
圖3- 1 研究觀念架構圖 34
圖3- 2 預試流程 47
圖3- 3 訪談架構圖 60
圖3- 4 訪談流程 61
圖4- 1 嘗試意願的百分比 (A)整體意願 (B)嘗試頻率 (C)維持時間 77
圖4- 2 量表總分的常態Q-Q圖與離勢常態Q-Q圖 86
圖4- 3 量表總分分配直方圖 87

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