臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣的文蛤產業產量佔貝類養殖總產量的60％，年產值超過21億元是重要的養殖產業，但由於是以家庭式的小規模生產，且產品多由販運商收購，再經層層通路到消費者，使得養殖生產者未能獲得滿意的利潤，影響年輕族群加入貝類養殖產業之意願，不利產業的永續發展。
本研究針對臺灣文蛤養殖生產與通路效益的經濟分析，從文蛤的生產成本、供需經濟、運銷結構和效益以及電子商務銷售實證探討。文蛤的生產成本分析，以2017年雲林地區98戶文蛤養殖經營資料，將養殖活存率分成三組（活存率<0.5、0.5≦活存率<0.8及活存率≧0.8），利用超越對數成本函數來估計成本彈性及要素需求價格彈性，分析三組活存率其養殖成本與投入要素使用的差異，結果發現在不同活存率，養殖戶的生產都呈現規模經濟，養殖戶都可藉由擴大生產規模來降低平均成本。文蛤的供需經濟是以臺灣文蛤產業2008年至2018年文蛤供給和市場需求的產業資料，利用最小平方法進行分析，不同文蛤的活存率和蛤苗價格上漲率，對於文蛤供給量、市場需求量、產地價格、零售價格及蛤苗放養量的變化，結果發現蛤苗價格不變，文蛤養殖活存率0.5，供給量約55,173 公噸，市場需求量56,356 公噸，產地價格每公斤67.77元，零售價格每公斤112.73元，最適的蛤苗放養量為每年7,551,739~9,355,139千粒。文蛤運銷結構和效益，應用2018年台北、台中、嘉義、台南及高雄地區的文蛤運銷通路資料進行分析，總共收集45份有效問卷，結果顯示文蛤運銷通路主要分為兩種，一種是家庭消費者運銷通路，亦即生產者—販運商/批發商—零批商—零售商/量販超市—消費者，另一種為餐飲消費者運銷通路，亦即生產者—販運商/批發商—大消費者。在電子商務銷售實證上，銷貨價格和銷貨成本均高於其他通路，特別是銷貨運費每公斤117元，佔運銷成本22.8％，雖比例遠高於其他通路，但銷貨利潤75元/公斤高於其他通路，益本比為1.14。

The hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) is 60 percent in weight of the total shellfish culture. The annual output value of the hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) which is the most aquaculture industry valued at $ 2.1 billion. Most of the production is produced by small-scale families, and then the production is purchased by traffickers. Before the purchasers purchase it, it must be drawn from the profits by lots of channels. So the producers usually aren’t satisfied with the profits. The result will affect the willing of the teen-agers to join the aquaculture industry. In the end, it is not benefit for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
This study performed an economic analysis on the breeding, production, and sales channel performance of hard clam (Meretrix meretrix), and explored the production costs, supply and demand, and performance and transportation–sales structure of hard clams (Meretrix meretrix), and e-commerce sales of hard clams (Meretrix meretrix). This study conducted a production cost analysis of hard clams. This study applies a translog cost function model to analyze the culture costs and the use of input factors among three groups of hard clam farmer households in Yunlin County, Taiwan, with different survival rates (low-intermediate, intermediate-high and high). The study found that farmer household production in the three observed groups all exhibited economies of scale and could significantly expand the scale of production to lower the average cost. This study conducted an economic analysis on the supply and demand of hard clams. Hard clam supply and demand-related data recorded by the Meretrix meretrix industry from 2008 and 2018 were analyzed using the least squares method to determine the survival rates of different hard clams and the increasing rates of clam seed prices. Varying hard clam supply, market demand, production location prices, and retail prices as well as varying clam seed stocking quantities were investigated, where the results showed that when clam seed prices remained unchanged, hard clams had a survival rate of 0.5; hard clam supply was approximately 55.173 metric tons; hard clam market demand was 56,356 metric tons; hard clams were sold for NT$67.77 and $112.73 per kilogram at their production locations and retail locations, respectively; and the most suitable clam seed stocking quantity was 7,551,739–9,355,139 thousand. This study examined the transportation–sales structure of hard clams. A total of 45 questionnaires were collected to analyze the transportation–sales structure of hard clams in Taipei, Taichung, Chiayi, Tainan, and Kaohsiung in 2018, where the results indicated that hard clams were mostly transported and sold in Taiwan in two ways. The first involved shippers or wholesalers selling these clams to retail channels, that is, adopting a producer-shipper/wholesaler-jobber-retailer/supermarket-consumer model. The second entailed producer selling these clams to “large consumers” (e.g., food and beverage industry) via transportation–sales channels, that is, adopting a producer-shipper/wholesaler-large consumer model. In the empirical study of e-commerce sales, both the sales price and the cost of sales are higher than other channels, especially the freight cost of 117 per kilogram, which accounts for 22.8% of transportation and sales costs, which is much higher than other channels, and the sales profit is 75 per kilogram higher than For other channels, the profit-to-cost ratio is 1.14.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 VI
目錄 VIII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究步驟與流程 6
第二章 文獻回顧 8
第一節 臺灣文蛤養殖產業 8
第二節 文蛤養殖生產經濟 18
第三節 文蛤供需經濟 20
第四節 文蛤運銷經濟 21
第三章 臺灣文蛤生產成本分析 23
第一節 前言 23
第二節 材料與方法 26
第三節 結果 33
第四節 討論 48
第五節 結語 51
第四章 臺灣文蛤供需經濟分析 52
第一節 前言 52
第二節 材料與方法 57
第三節 結果 61
第四節 討論 82
第五節 結語 83
第五章 臺灣文蛤運銷結構與效益分析及電子商務銷售實證 84
第一節 前言 84
第二節 材料與方法 85
第三節 結果 87
第四節 討論 97
第五節 結語 100
第六章 結論 101
第七章 建議 103
參考文獻 105
附件一、臺灣文蛤養殖生產成本調查問卷 113
附件二、臺灣文蛤運銷結構與效益調查問卷 115
附件三、作者簡介 118

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