臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

因應農產品在過度生產而滯銷的情況下，並希望農產品能製作為二次有價價值產品，且希望以乾燥農產品來生產，並運用冷凍乾燥機來保持產品乾燥後的風味。「冷凍乾燥機」控制溫度在低溫下，運用真空泵改變腔體壓力狀態下，使得產品直接產生「相變化」，產品在凝固時，低溫真空下能在不經過溶解而直接以冰相變為水蒸氣，並且直接昇華除去產品中的水分、減少濕度，可以獲得外觀、品質及產品存放時間的有價乾燥製品。但市場大型冷凍機之價格成本昂貴，故本實驗採取相關冷凍乾燥製作方式，設計運用本次實驗之小型冷凍乾燥機。
經相關文獻探討中發現，現今採用大型「冷凍乾燥機」製程技術上已能保有前後乾燥製品，但機組價格高昂，在長時間機組運行下，達到乾製品時，需要耗用大量的電，除了機組耗損、機組保養及經濟成本效應下，將考慮冷凍機乾燥度優缺點。本實驗設計運用小型冷凍乾燥機，在不用高昂冷凍機及改良組裝設備下，能準確找出實驗控制參數，進行乾燥度最佳解分析。
本實驗並運用田口法所提供實驗法：L9直交表，控制因子含、「溫度」、「風量」、「抽真空」、「液體體積」等四個因子，將量杯中的水在每次實驗後利用微量天平獲得相關數據，進行本實驗設定L9直交表計算在各變動水準下S/N信號雜訊比，總結各參數、變動水準得到反應表及反應圖，在實驗中求出影響水分乾燥能力的最佳組合參數，在執行最佳乾燥度驗證時，應用變異數分析，求出各參數變動、變異及最佳化數質，驗證品質最佳解。
進行實驗冷凍乾燥機循環中，要減少水份乾燥度，提出系統內4個具影響力的因子、3種水準，並且有9種排列組合。在冷凍機內台放置水來完成這9組實驗，並列出每組實驗數據。當改變冷凍機參數中「溫度」、「風量」、「抽真空」、「液體體積」等條件時觀察水乾燥度。
本實驗在設計參數組合條件下，將所獲之參數結合於田口實驗方法，經過實驗分析得知，影響乾燥度主要在低壓真空-74cmHg下且加快兩組風扇的風速循環增加水分子在低濕時蒸發速率較快，次為低溫度-30℃與固定玻璃杯20cc固態水。有效節省設備運作所需時間與成本，本次實驗認為運用「田口法」來進行驗證與分析以小型冷凍乾燥機獲取水乾燥度的能力做以下研究，將研究成果提供參考。

The overproduction and uncommercial of agricultural products are the issues of agricultural crops. This work presents a freeze dryer with four control parameters by Taguchi methods. It is hoped that agricultural products can be made into valuable secondary products, and dry agricultural products will be produced. Freeze dryers are used to maintain the flavor of the products after drying. The "freeze dryer" controls the temperature at a low temperature, and uses a vacuum pump to change the pressure state of the cavity, so that the product directly produces a "phase change". When the product is solidified, it can immediately switch from ice to water without dissolving under a low-temperature vacuum. Steam and direct sublimation remove moisture in the product, reduce humidity, and obtain valuable dry products with appearance, quality, and product storage time. However, the price of large freezers in the market is high, so this experiment adopts the appropriate freeze-drying production method and designs and uses the freeze-drying machine for a laboratory scale.
Through the discussion of relevant literature, it is found that the large-scale "freeze-drying machine" process technology can keep the dry products before and after the process, but the unit price is high. When the unit runs for a long time, it needs to consume a lot of electricity when it reaches the dry product under the effect of unit wear, unit maintenance, and economic cost. The advantages and disadvantages of freezer dryness will be considered. In this experiment, the freeze-drying machine for laboratory scale is used. Without an expensive freezer and improved assembly equipment, the experimental control parameters can be accurately found, and the optimal solution of dryness can be analyzed.
In this experiment, the experimental method provided by the Taguchi method： L9 orthogonal table, control factors including four factors, "temperature", "air volume", "vacuuming", and "liquid volume". Put the water in the measuring cup for each experiment. Then use a microbalance to obtain relevant data, and set up a L9 orthogonal table in this experiment to calculate the S/N signal-to-noise ratio under each variation level. The last, summarize each parameter and variation level to obtain a response table and response graph and find the effect of moisture drying in the experiment. The best combination of parameters when performed the best dryness verification. The variance analysis is applied to obtain the variation and optimized number and quality of each parameter so that the best quality solution is verified.
In the experiment freeze dryer cycle, to reduce the moisture dryness, four influential factors and three levels in the system are proposed, and there are nine permutations and combinations. In the stage of the experiment, place water in the freezer to complete the nine sets of experiments and list the data for each step of the experiments. Observe the water dryness when changing the conditions of "temperature," "air volume," "vacuuming," and "liquid volume" in the refrigerator parameters.
The experimental equipment is operated under the design parameter combination conditions that are combined with the Taguchi experimental method. The experimental analysis shows that the dryness is mainly affected by the low-pressure vacuum; the value is -74cmHg. It can speed up the wind speed cycle of the two sets of fans and increase the water molecules in low humidity. When the evaporation rate chaging rapidly, the low temperature became -30 ℃, and the fixed glass is 20cc solid water. This effective process can save time and cost for equipment operation. This experiment believes that the "Taguchi method" is used to verify and analyze the ability of freeze dryers for laboratory scale to obtain water dryness.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
致 謝 vi
目 錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
符號說明 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機與目的 1
1.3本論文架構 1
第二章 文獻回顧與理論基礎 3
2.1 文獻回顧 3
2.2 冷凍原理 4
2.2.1冷凍循環原理 4
2.2.2冷凍循環系統 5
2.3 冷凍真空乾燥 6
2.3.1 冷凍乾燥原理 6
2.3.2凍結過程 7
2.3.3真空乾燥法應用 8
2.4 田口分析原理與方法 9
2.4.1 田口品質工程 9
2.4.2 田口方法 9
2.4.3 田口品質特性與原理 10
2.5 田口式直交表 12
2.6 品質損失函數與 比 14
2.6.1 平均數分析（Analysis of Mean） 18
2.6.2 變異數分析 19
第三章 研究方法與步驟 21
3.1 實驗設備與器材 21
3.1.1實驗設備 21
3.1.2實驗材料 26
3.2 實驗方法與步驟 27
3.2.1實驗方法 27
3.2.2 實驗流程 28
3.3 田口實驗分析 30
3.3.1田口法步驟分析 30
3.3.2控制因子及水準設定 32
3.3.2直交選定 32
第四章 實驗結果與分析 35
4.1 實驗方法 35
4.2 實驗程序 35
4.3 小型冷凍乾燥機設備之設計與製程 36
4.4 實驗數據說明 38
4.5 平均數分析 39
4.6 變異數分析 44
4.7 確認實驗 45
第五章 結論與建議 47
5.1 結論 47
5.2 建議 48
文獻回顧 49

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