近年健康意識抬頭，微量元素已經是一個搬上檯面的課題，而硒又是對人體有益微量元素中的佼佼者，硒在人體中是合成穀胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的重要成分之一，而人體無法自行產生硒，故需從外在環境中攝取，通常攝取來源為部分植物及海鮮產品與禽類的肝、腎、肉類，因富硒土壤相當稀少進而導致上述食物硒含量不多。為了改善硒元素攝取方式植物改良為最多人使用之方式又以土耕補硒為大宗，而土耕補硒方式有許多限制，若能利用水耕栽培的過程中供給硒元素，使得蔬菜本身富含豐富的硒，將能補足每日必須含量，亦可友善硒元素取得途徑。
本研究使用塑膠麵包箱以不透光膠帶進行遮光處理作為水耕栽培槽，其蓋上28孔定植板置於角鋼雙層架上，並以類水耕栽培系統中批次靜水式（static system）系統為主。實驗設計上主要分為五項：一、以DI水種植並不多加調整酸鹼環境，為了確立植物生長週期各階段變動指標；二、添加硒元素，觀察植物於不同濃度硒元素環境下之吸收狀況與是否產生病徵；三、添加微菌叢，觀察植物於額外添加微菌叢環境下成長情形；四、同時添加硒元素與微菌叢，觀察微菌叢是否能夠增加植物根部耐受性與提高硒元素吸收量及兩種要素是否有交互影響；五、微菌叢與硒元素添加最佳化，實驗設計法設計硒元素與微菌叢添加參數後，依據實驗結果使用反應曲面法計算最佳添加量。
本實驗場址平均溫度為24℃並且有良好的光照其光通量為20000流明以上，而養液環境將溶氧量控制在5~6 mg/L以確保植物根系對於水分與養分能夠充分吸收以及微生物有機碳之使用，酸鹼值控制在5.5~6.5之間使肥份能完全溶解進而讓植物良好吸收。研究成果分別為栽培成果(外觀、鮮重)、植物體硒含量(單位硒含量、植物平均硒含量)。研究結果顯示以硒酸鈉提供之硒元素於植物耐受性範圍內的硒濃度對植物生長有正面之影響(葉重上升44.55%、根重上升79.87%)，反之若是超過植物耐受性將會導致根部生長遲緩、損傷甚至是死亡(根重下降10.33%)：而提供微菌叢後相較於未提供組外觀上大而圓較符合消費者眼光，且植物鮮重增加、植物總硒含量增加204.8%、根部鬚根增加，更能減少生物毒性所造成之不良影響，而植物平均硒含量更依據反應曲面等高線圖可得知硒元素與微菌叢添加量越多實驗結果越好的趨勢。

In recent years, the health awareness has risen, and trace elements have been a task to be carried on the table. Selenium is also the leader of the microelements beneficial to human body. Selenium is one of the important components of GSH PX in human body, and the human body cannot produce selenium by itself. Therefore, it is necessary to take it from external environment. The main sources of intake are liver of some plants and seafood products and poultry Kidney and meat, because selenium rich soil is very rare, resulting in the above food selenium content is not much. In order to improve the way of selenium uptake, plants are used by the most people, and the soil farming is the main way to supplement selenium. However, there are many restrictions on the way of soil cultivation. If selenium can be supplied during the process of water cultivation, the vegetables themselves are rich in selenium, which will supplement the daily necessary content and also friendly the way to obtain selenium.
In this study, a plastic bread box was used as a hydroponic cultivation tank, which was covered with 28 hole planting plate and placed on the angle steel double-layer frame. The static system was the main hydroponic cultivation system. The experiment design is mainly divided into five items: first, planting in DI water without adjusting the acid-base environment, in order to establish the change index of each stage of plant growth cycle; 2、 Selenium was added to observe the absorption status and symptoms of plants under different concentrations of selenium; 3、 The growth of plants in the environment with additional microflora was observed; 4、 At the same time, selenium and microflora were added to observe whether microflora could increase plant root tolerance and selenium uptake, and whether the two elements had interaction; 5、 After the parameters of adding selenium and micro flora were designed by experimental design method, the optimal amount of selenium and micro flora was calculated by reaction surface method according to the experimental results.
The average temperature of the experimental site is 24 ℃ and has good light, and its luminous flux is more than 20000 lumens. The dissolved oxygen is controlled at 5 ~ 6 mg / L in the nutrient solution environment to ensure that the plant roots can fully absorb water and nutrients and use microbial organic carbon, and the pH value is controlled between 5.5 ~ 6.5 to make the fertilizer completely dissolved, so that the plant can absorb well. The research results were cultivation results (appearance, fresh weight), plant selenium content (unit selenium content, plant average selenium content). The results showed that the selenium concentration provided by sodium selenate within the tolerance range of plants had a positive effect on plant growth, otherwise, exceeding the tolerance of plants would lead to root growth retardation, damage or even death. Compared with the non provided group, the micro flora group was larger and rounder in appearance, which was more in line with consumers' eyes, and the fresh weight of plants increased, the total selenium content of plants increased The increase of fibrous roots in roots can reduce the adverse effects caused by biological toxicity, and the average selenium content of plants can be seen from the contour map of response surface. The more selenium and microflora are added, the better the experimental results will be.

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章、前言 1
第二章、文獻回顧 2
2.1 硒元素 2
2.1.1 硒元素介紹 2
2.1.2 硒元素於人體之作用及形式 3
2.1.3日常生活補充硒之途徑 5
2.1.4 硒元素於植物之作用及吸收形式 6
2.2水耕栽培之背景與現況 7
2.2.1背景與現況 7
2.3 水耕栽培系統種類介紹 10
2.3.1 介質耕 10
2.3.2 無介質耕 11
2.4 水耕栽培影響因子 13
2.4.1 物理性因子(光合作用、氣溫與濕度) 13
2.4.2 化學性因子(養液酸鹼值、養液營養元素) 15
2.4.3 生物性因子(微菌叢與根圈環境之作用) 17
2.5 水耕栽培深度與微菌叢交互作用對植物的影響 18
2.6 以不同型態供給硒元素對植物之影響 18
2.6.1 硒酸根與亞硒酸根對植物之影響 18
2.6.2 硒元素於植物體累積分佈 18
第三章、研究方法 20
3.1 實驗架構圖 20
3.2 實驗設計 22
23
3.2.1 實驗一、植物生長週期各階段變動因素確立 24
3.2.2 實驗二、添加硒元素 25
3.2.3 實驗三、添加固氮微菌叢 26
3.2.4 實驗四、同時添加微菌叢與硒元素 27
3.2.4 實驗五、微菌叢與硒元素添加最佳化 28
3.3 實驗材料 31
3.3.1 栽培設備 31
3.3.2 供試植物 32
3.3.3 藥品與試劑 33
3.3.4 監測儀器 34
3.4 實驗步驟 35
3.4.1水耕栽培步驟 35
3.4.2 養液調配與管理 37
3.4.3 採樣與監測 38
3.5 實驗方法 39
3.5.1水質與植物體分析 39
3.5.2菌相分析 43
第四章、結果與討論 45
4.1 植物生長週期各階段變動因素 46
4.1.1 植物成長期間酸鹼值趨勢 46
4.1.2 植物成長期間導電度趨勢 47
4.1.3 植物生長週期各階段指標 48
4.2 硒元素對於植物之影響 51
4.2.1 硒元素於植物根、葉、總重之影響 51
4.2.2不同硒型態於植物吸收的比較 56
4.2.3硒元素於植物與養液之質量平衡 57
4.2.4栽培成果型態比較 59
4.3 微菌叢對於植物之影響 60
4.3.1微菌叢於植物根、葉、總重之影響 60
4.3.2菌相變化 64
4.3.3栽培成果型態比較 71
4.4 微菌叢與硒元素對於植物的交互作用 72
4.4.1 各因素對植物生長週期的影響 72
4.4.2 交互作用於植物根、葉、總重之影響 77
4.4.2 交互作用於植物吸收硒元素的影響 83
4.4.3 栽培成果型態比較 85
4.5 最佳微菌叢濃度與硒濃度添加之組合 86
4.5.1 最佳化微菌叢與硒元素的配比 86
第五章、結論與建議 92
5.1結論 92
5.2 建議 93
第六章、參考文獻 94

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