臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究提出了一種結合單模光纖(Corning SM1500 9/125)與微流道晶片的法布立-佩羅(Fabry-Perot)感測器，應用於葡萄糖與重金屬水溶液的感測。同時，我們研製了一種具有海藻酸鈉(Sodiµm Alginate, SA)還原奈米銀粒子 (AgNPs) 分子印記聚乙烯醇(Polyvinyl Alcohol, PVA)奈米複合薄膜。此外，我們提出了一種將該薄膜塗覆在塑膠光纖 (Polymer optical fiber, POF) 端面，形成具有SA-Ag/PVA之塑膠光纖探針 (SA-Ag/PVA-POF)，用於汞離子的感測。
首先，我們利用CO2雷射切割技術、濺鍍技術和熱壓技術製備了微流道晶片，並成功製備了光纖探針。通過將光纖探針嵌入微流道晶片中，形成一個開放式的Fabry-Perot感測器。
其次，我們研究了SA還原AgNPs的反應溫度對銀粒子粒徑大小的影響。透過UV-vis分析和FTIR研究，我們找到了最佳的反應溫度。在最佳反應溫度下，我們製備了SA-Ag/PVA薄膜並將其塗覆在POF端面，形成重金屬感測器。接著，在葡萄糖水溶液感測方面，使用濺鍍銀塗層在Fabry-Perot感測器中，我們觀察到在0%至1%濃度範圍內具有良好的共振波長靈敏度與線性度，共振波長靈敏度為4.655 nm/%，線性度為0.9055，其檢測極限為0.02%(20 mg/dl)。在重金屬水溶液感測方面，我們比較了三種塗層：濺鍍銀塗層、濺鍍氧化鋅/銀雙層塗層與SA-Ag/PVA/銀雙層塗層的靈敏度和線性度。在汞離子實驗中，SA-Ag/PVA/銀雙層塗層展現出最佳的靈敏度，是氧化鋅/銀雙層塗層的三倍，感測器的靈敏度與線性度分別為0.391 nm/ppm與0.930，其檢測極限為0.01 ppm(10 nM)。此外，我們也研究了海藻酸鈉還原銀奈米粒子的最佳反應溫度，並發現在70°C時具有最佳吸收峰。
最後，我們進行了SA-Ag/PVA-POF探針的汞離子實驗。在70°C的最佳反應溫度下，並塗覆三層SA-Ag/PVA薄膜的探針表現出最佳的靈敏度和線性度，是反應溫度為90°C的6倍，感測器的靈敏度與線性度分別為303.825 Δa.u./ppm與0.955，其檢測極限為0.01 ppm(10 nM)。
綜上所述，本研究提出了一種結合光纖與微流道晶片的Fabry-Perot感測器，並成功研製了具有SA-Ag/PVA之塑膠光纖探針，用於葡萄糖與重金屬水溶液的感測。這項研究在感測器的靈敏度和線性度方面取得了重要的成果，為開發高效、準確的生物與環境感測提供了有價值的參考。

This study proposes a Fabry-Perot sensor combining single-mode optical fiber (Corning SM1500 9/125) and a microfluidic chip for the detection of glucose and heavy metal aqueous solutions. Additionally, we developed a nanocomposite thin film consisting of sodiµm alginate (SA) reduced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and molecularly imprinted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Furthermore, we introduced a polymer optical fiber (POF) probe with the SA-Ag/PVA coating for the measurement of mercury ions.
Initially, the microfluidic chip was fabricated using CO2 laser cutting, sputtering, and hot pressing techniques. The fiber probe was prepared and integrated into the microfluidic chip to form an open Fabry-Perot sensor. The impact of the reaction temperature on the size of silver nanoparticles synthesized by the SA reduction of AgNPs was investigated. UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to study the response at different reaction temperatures and determine the optimal temperature. The SA-Ag/PVA thin film was then coated onto the POF end-face, resulting in a heavy metal sensor.
Next, in the detection of glucose aqueous solutions, using silver sputtering in the Fabry-Perot sensor, we observed good resonance wavelength sensitivity and linearity within the concentration range of 0% to 1%. The resonance wavelength sensitivity was 4.655 nm/%, and the linearity was 0.9055, with a detection limit of 0.02% (20 mg/dL). In the detection of heavy metal aqueous solutions, we compared three types of coatings: silver sputtering, zinc oxide/silver bilayer, and SA-Ag/PVA/silver bilayer. In the mercury ion experiment, the SA-Ag/PVA/silver bilayer coating exhibited the highest sensitivity, which was three times that of the zinc oxide/silver bilayer coating. The sensitivity and linearity of the sensor were determined to be 0.391 nm/ppm and 0.930, respectively, with a detection limit of 0.01 ppm (10 nM). Additionally, we investigated the optimal reaction temperature for the reduction of silver nanoparticles by sodiµm alginate and found that the peak absorption occurred at 70°C.
Finally, we conducted mercury ion experiments using the SA-Ag/PVA-POF probe. At the optimal reaction temperature of 70°C and with three layers of SA-Ag/PVA film coating, the probe demonstrated the highest sensitivity and linearity, six times that of the 90°C reaction temperature. The sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 303.825 Δa.u./ppm and a linearity of 0.955, with a detection limit of 0.01 ppm (10 nM).
In conclusion, this study presents a Fabry-Perot sensor combining optical fiber and a microfluidic chip, along with the successful development of a polymer optical fiber probe with SA-Ag/PVA coating for the detection of glucose and heavy metal aqueous solutions. The achieved results in terms of sensitivity and linearity in the sensor design contribute valuable insights for the development of efficient and accurate biosensing and environmental monitoring systems.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
致 謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 xiii
表目錄 xxxviii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究背景 4
1.3.1微流道晶片製作方法 4
1.3.2微流道晶片結合光纖感測器的製造方法 28
1.3.3金屬塗層特性與感測 36
1.3.4 溶液中葡萄糖檢測 47
1.3.5 重金屬離子檢測 54
1.4 論文架構 61
第二章 基礎理論 63
2.1光纖基本原理 63
2.2光彈理論 73
2.3法布立-佩羅共振腔(Fabry–Pérot cavity：FPC) 77
2.4等離子共振(Surface plasmon resonance, SPR)之相位檢測原理 88
2.5 微型流道 91
第三章 研究方法與步驟 92
3.1 微流道晶片設計與製造 92
3.2 重金屬感測層製作 102
3.2.1感測層製作之樣品清單 102
3.2.2感測層製作之合成步驟 104
3.2.3感測層塗覆至流道晶片製作 106
3.2.4感測層塗覆元素分析 107
3.3 光纖探針製作 111
3.3.1微流道晶片之光纖探針製作 111
3.3.2具SA-Ag/PVA鍍層之塑膠光纖探針製作 112
3.4感測溶液調配 114
3.4.1葡萄糖水溶液調配 115
3.4.2 重金屬離子溶液調配 116
3.5實驗架構 118
3.5.1微流道晶片熱壓製程實驗架構 118
3.5.2感測晶片封裝之高度實驗架構 119
3.5.3 具Fabry-Perot共振腔微流道檢測系統之葡萄糖或重金屬水溶液實驗 120
3.5.4 具SA-Ag/PVA鍍層之塑膠光纖探針(SA-Ag/PVA-POF)重金屬水溶液實驗 121
第四章 實驗結果與討論 122
4.1感測器封裝實驗 122
4.1.1熱壓實驗 122
4.1.2高度實驗 124
4.1.2.1具銀金屬鍍層之高度實驗封裝 124
4.1.2.1.1小結-具銀金屬鍍層之高度實驗封裝 142
4.1.2.2具氧化鋅/銀金屬鍍層之高度實驗封裝 143
4.1.2.2.1小結-具氧化鋅/銀金屬鍍層之高度實驗封裝 151
4.1.2.3具SA-Ag/PVA/銀金屬鍍層之高度實驗封裝 152
4.1.2.3.1小結-具SA-Ag/PVA/銀金屬鍍層之高度實驗封裝 160
4.1.2.4小結-具鍍層之高度實驗封裝 162
4.2 SA-Ag/PVA銀奈米顆粒反應溫度實驗與分析 163
4.2.1紫外-可見光(UV-vis)實驗分析 163
4.2.2 SA-Ag/PVA 奈米複合薄膜的FTIR分析 164
4.3具銀金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之葡萄糖水溶液實驗 165
4.3.1具銀金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之葡萄糖水溶液三循環實驗 166
4.3.2小結─具銀金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之葡萄糖水溶液三循環實驗 180
4.4具金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 182
4.4.1具銀金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 183
4.4.1.1小結-具銀金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 194
4.4.2具氧化鋅/銀雙層金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 195
4.4.2.1小結-具氧化鋅/銀雙層金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 205
4.4.3具SA-Ag/PVA/銀雙層鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 206
4.4.3.1小結-具氧化鋅/銀雙層金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 220
4.4.4小結-具金屬鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔之汞離子水溶液實驗 221
4.5具SA-Ag/PVA鍍層塑膠光纖探針之汞離子水溶液實驗 224
4.5.1具50°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 224
4.5.1.1具50°C反應溫度厚度為0.98 µm SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 224
4.5.1.2具50°C反應溫度厚度為2.36 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 230
4.5.1.3具50°C反應溫度厚度為4.51 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 236
4.5.1.4小結-具50°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 242
4.5.2具70°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 244
4.5.2.1具70°C反應溫度厚度為1.17 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 244
4.5.2.2具70°C反應溫度厚度為2.55 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 250
4.5.2.3具70°C反應溫度厚度為5.2 µm的SA-Ag/PVA鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 256
4.5.2.4小結-具70°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 262
4.5.3具80°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 264
4.5.3.1具80°C反應溫度厚度為0.85 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 264
4.5.3.2具80°C反應溫度厚度為1.95 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 270
4.5.3.3具80°C反應溫度厚度為3.84 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 276
4.5.3.4小結-具80°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 282
4.5.4具90°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 284
4.5.4.1具90°C反應溫度厚度為1.14 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 284
4.5.4.2具90°C反應溫度厚度為3.26 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 290
4.5.4.3具90°C反應溫度厚度為4.62 µm的SA-Ag/PVA之鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 296
4.5.4.4小結-具90°C反應溫度SA-Ag/PVA之不同層厚鍍層塑膠光纖探針的汞離子水溶液實驗 302
4.5.5小結-具SA-Ag/PVA鍍層塑膠光纖探針之汞離子水溶液實驗 304
第五章 結論 308
第六章 未來展望 310
6.1各式微流道之鍍層檢測系統內建Fabry-Perot共振腔感測器 310
6.2高溫熱塑形製程U型塑膠光纖感測器 311
6.3具金屬鍍層之塑膠光纖探針 312
參考文獻 313

參考文獻
[1]G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[2]M. Arµmugam, "Optical fiber communication—An overview," Pramana, vol. 57, pp. 849-869, 2001.
[3]G. Keiser, Optical fiber communications. McGraw-Hill New York, 2000.
[4]K. Kikuchi, "Fundamentals of coherent optical fiber communications," Journal of lightwave technology, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 157-179, 2015.
[5]B. A. Flusberg, E. D. Cocker, W. Piyawattanametha, J. C. Jung, E. L. Cheung, and M. J. Schnitzer, "Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging," Nature methods, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 941-950, 2005.
[6]N. Kapany and R. Simms, "Recent developments in infrared fiber optics∗," Infrared Physics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 69-80, 1965.
[7]C. J. Koester and E. Snitzer, "Amplification in a fiber laser," Applied optics, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1182-1186, 1964.
[8]M. E. Fermann and I. Hartl, "Ultrafast fiber laser technology," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantµm Electronics, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 191-206, 2009.
[9]J. Limpert, F. Roser, T. Schreiber, and A. Tunnermann, "High-power ultrafast fiber laser systems," IEEE Journal of selected topics in Quantµm Electronics, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 233-244, 2006.
[10]R. L. DeVeau and F. Press, Fiber Optic Lighting: A Guide for Specifiers. Prentice Hall PTR, 2000.
[11]D. Lingfors and T. Volotinen, "Illµmination performance and energy saving of a solar fiber optic lighting system," Opt. Express, vol. 21, no. 104, pp. A642-A655, 2013.
[12]S. Yin, P. B. Ruffin, and T. Francis, Fiber optic sensors. CRC press, 2017.
[13]E. Udd, "An overview of fiber‐optic sensors," review of scientific instrµments, vol. 66, no. 8, pp. 4015-4030, 1995.
[14]K. Grattan and T. Sun, "Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 82, no. 1-3, pp. 40-61, 2000.
[15]E. Udd and W. B. Spillman Jr, Fiber optic sensors: an introduction for engineers and scientists. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[16]A. Voloshina, A. Dmitriev, S. Varzhel, and V. Kulikova, "Development and investigation of the sensitive element of the amplitude fiber-optic temperature sensor based on superimposed chirped Bragg gratings," Optical Fiber Technology, vol. 75, p. 103175, 2023.
[17]S. Chen, P. Pan, T. Xie, and H. Fu, "Sensitivity enhanced fiber optic temperature sensor based on optical carrier microwave photonic interferometry with harmonic Vernier effect," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 160, p. 109029, 2023.
[18]D.-Y. Wang et al., "Characterization of sliding surface deformation and stability evaluation of landslides with fiber–optic strain sensing nerves," Engineering Geology, vol. 314, p. 107011, 2023.
[19]Y. Gao, H. Zhu, L. Qiao, X. Liu, C. Wei, and W. Zhang, "Feasibility study on sinkhole monitoring with fiber optic strain sensing nerves," Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2023.
[20]C. Lu, M. M. Dashtabi, H. Nikbakht, M. T. Khoshmehr, and B. I. Akca, "Sub-Nanometer Acoustic Vibration Sensing Using a Tapered-Tip Optical Fiber Microcantilever," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 924, 2023.
[21]J. Liu, S. Yuan, B. Luo, B. Biondi, and H. Y. Noh, "Turning Telecommunication Fiber-Optic Cables into Distributed Acoustic Sensors for Vibration-Based Bridge Health Monitoring," Structural Control and Health Monitoring, vol. 2023, 2023.
[22]T. Eftimov, G. Dyankov, P. Kolev, and V. Vladev, "A simple fiber optic magnetic field and current sensor with spectral interrogation," Optics Communications, vol. 527, p. 128930, 2023.
[23]F. Jiao, Y. Lei, G. Peng, F. Dong, Q. Yang, and W. Liao, "Grating Spectrµm Design and Optimization of GMM-FBG Current Sensor," Energies, vol. 16, no. 2, p. 997, 2023.
[24]B. Yu et al., "Fiber-tip air cavity sealed by cutting-free inwardly concave silica diaphragm cascaded to fiber Bragg grating for gas pressure sensing," Optics Communications, vol. 527, p. 128990, 2023.
[25]X. He et al., "Temperature-insensitive Quasi-distributed Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot High-pressure sensing based on microwave interference system," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 161, p. 109069, 2023.
[26]Q. Wang and W.-M. Zhao, "A comprehensive review of lossy mode resonance-based fiber optic sensors," Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 100, pp. 47-60, 2018/01/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2017.07.009.
[27]T. G. Giallorenzi et al., "Optical fiber sensor technology," IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 472-511, 1982.
[28]B. Culshaw, "Optical fiber sensor technologies: opportunities and-perhaps-pitfalls," Journal of lightwave technology, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 39, 2004.
[29]M. Hirsch, D. Majchrowicz, P. Wierzba, M. Weber, M. Bechelany, and M. Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, "Low-Coherence Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors with Potential Applications as Biosensors," Sensors, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 261, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/17/2/261.
[30]M. Jędrzejewska-Szczerska, "Response of a New Low-Coherence Fabry-Perot Sensor to Hematocrit Levels in Hµman Blood," Sensors, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 6965-6976, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6965.
[31]F. Li et al., "Plug-in label-free optical fiber DNA hybridization sensor based on C-type fiber Vernier effect," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 354, p. 131212, 2022/03/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.131212.
[32]M. Kaya and O. Esenturk, "Study of strain measurement by fiber optic sensors with a sensitive fiber loop ringdown spectrometer," Optical Fiber Technology, vol. 54, p. 102070, 2020/01/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.102070.
[33]C.-L. Lee, J.-M. Hsu, J.-S. Horng, W.-Y. Sung, and C.-M. Li, "Microcavity fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer with an embedded golden thin film," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 833-836, 2013.
[34]G. K. Costa et al., "In-fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer for strain and magnetic field sensing," Optics express, vol. 24, no. 13, pp. 14690-14696, 2016.
[35]T. Yoshino, K. Kurosawa, K. Itoh, and T. Ose, "Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer and its sensor applications," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1612-1621, 1982.
[36]C. E. Lee, W. N. Gibler, R. A. Atkins, and H. F. Taylor, "In-line fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer with high-reflectance internal mirrors," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1376-1379, 1992.
[37] Y. Fu, L. Ji, S. Yang, X. Bai, and C. Wu, "Fabry-Perot liquid refractive index sensor based on polymethyl methacrylate," in Eighth Symposiµm on Novel Photoelectronic Detection Technology and Applications, 2022, vol. 12169: SPIE, pp. 2563-2568.
[38]G. M. Whitesides, "The origins and the future of microfluidics," nature, vol. 442, no. 7101, pp. 368-373, 2006.
[39]Y.-N. Bi and H.-J. Zhang, "Application of Microfluidic-chip in Biomedicine," Sheng wu Gong Cheng xue bao= Chinese Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 167-171, 2006.
[40]M.-j. Yin, B. Huang, S. Gao, A. P. Zhang, and X. Ye, "Optical fiber LPG biosensor integrated microfluidic chip for ultrasensitive glucose detection," Biomedical optics express, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2067-2077, 2016.
[41]A. Bhasin, D. N. Little, K. L. Vasconcelos, and E. Masad, "Surface free energy to identify moisture sensitivity of materials for asphalt mixes," Transportation Research Record, vol. 2001, no. 1, pp. 37-45, 2007.
[42]N. Avci, I. Cimieri, P. F. Smet, and D. Poelman, "Stability improvement of moisture sensitive CaS: Eu2+ micro-particles by coating with sol–gel alµmina," Optical Materials, vol. 33, no. 7, pp. 1032-1035, 2011.
[43]X. Yang et al., "Functionalization of Mesoporous Semiconductor Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing: Recent Advances and Emerging Challenges," Advanced Science, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 2204810, 2023.
[44]A. M. A. Motohashi, M. K. M. Kawakami, H. A. H. Aoyagi, A. K. A. Kinoshita, and A. S. A. Satou, "Gas identification by a single gas sensor using porous silicon as the sensitive material," Japanese journal of applied physics, vol. 34, no. 10R, p. 5840, 1995.
[45]W. Liu et al., "Specialty optical fibers and 2D materials for sensitivity enhancement of fiber optic SPR sensors: A review," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 152, p. 108167, 2022.
[46]V. Kµmar, S. K. Raghuwanshi, and S. Kµmar, "Recent Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials Based SPR Sensor for Biomolecules and Gas Detection-A Review," IEEE Sensors Journal, 2022.
[47]N. A. Luechinger, S. Loher, E. K. Athanassiou, R. N. Grass, and W. J. Stark, "Highly sensitive optical detection of hµmidity on polymer/metal nanoparticle hybrid films," Langmuir, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 3473-3477, 2007.
[48]M. Zhang et al., "Multifunctional Ag-ZrB2 composite film with low infrared emissivity, low visible light reflectance and hydrophobicity," Applied Surface Science, vol. 604, p. 154626, 2022/12/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.154626.
[49]M. Naftaly and R. Dudley, "Terahertz reflectivities of metal-coated mirrors," Applied optics, vol. 50, no. 19, pp. 3201-3204, 2011.
[50]A. Esmaielzadeh Kandjani, Y. M. Sabri, M. Mohammad-Taheri, V. Bansal, and S. K. Bhargava, "Detect, remove and reuse: a new paradigm in sensing and removal of Hg (II) from wastewater via SERS-active ZnO/Ag nanoarrays," Environmental Science & Technology, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 1578-1584, 2015.
[51]S. Chaudhary, A. µmar, K. Bhasin, and S. Baskoutas, "Chemical sensing applications of ZnO nanomaterials," Materials, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 287, 2018.
[52]Z. Zhang, J. Li, X. Song, J. Ma, and L. Chen, "Hg 2+ ion-imprinted polymers sorbents based on dithizone–Hg 2+ chelation for mercury speciation analysis in environmental and biological samples," RSC Advances, vol. 4, no. 87, pp. 46444-46453, 2014.
[53]A. R. Cestari, E. F. Vieira, E. C. Lopes, and R. G. da Silva, "Kinetics and equilibriµm parameters of Hg (II) adsorption on silica–dithizone," Journal of colloid and interface science, vol. 272, no. 2, pp. 271-276, 2004.
[54]P. Miretzky and A. F. Cirelli, "Hg (II) removal from water by chitosan and chitosan derivatives: a review," Journal of hazardous materials, vol. 167, no. 1-3, pp. 10-23, 2009.
[55]R. S. Vieira and M. M. Beppu, "Interaction of natural and crosslinked chitosan membranes with Hg (II) ions," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 279, no. 1-3, pp. 196-207, 2006.
[56]X. Gao, C. Guo, J. Hao, Z. Zhao, H. Long, and M. Li, "Adsorption of heavy metal ions by sodiµm alginate based adsorbent-a review and new perspectives," International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 164, pp. 4423-4434, 2020.
[57]L. Gong, Y. Kong, H. Wu, Y. Ge, and Z. Li, "Sodiµm alginate microspheres interspersed with modified lignin and bentonite (SA/ML-BT) as a green and highly effective adsorbent for batch and fixed-bed colµmn adsorption of Hg (II)," Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, vol. 31, pp. 659-673, 2021.
[58]M. G. Carneiro-da-Cunha et al., "Physical and thermal properties of a chitosan/alginate nanolayered PET film," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 82, no. 1, pp. 153-159, 2010/08/02/ 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.04.043.
[59]G. Aragay, J. Pons, and A. Merkoçi, "Recent trends in macro-, micro-, and nanomaterial-based tools and strategies for heavy-metal detection," Chemical reviews, vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 3433-3458, 2011.
[60]M. Jaishankar, T. Tseten, N. Anbalagan, B. B. Mathew, and K. N. Beeregowda, "Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals," Interdisciplinary toxicology, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 60, 2014.
[61]S. H. Frisbie, E. J. Mitchell, and B. Sarkar, "Urgent need to reevaluate the latest World Health Organization guidelines for toxic inorganic substances in drinking water," Environmental health, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2015.
[62]G. WHO, "Guidelines for drinking-water quality," World health organization, vol. 216, pp. 303-304, 2011.
[63]P. Saeedi et al., "Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: Results from the International Diabetes Federation Diabetes Atlas, 9th edition," Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 157, p. 107843, 2019/11/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843.
[64]J. J. Chamberlain, E. L. Johnson, S. Leal, A. S. Rhinehart, J. H. Shubrook, and L. Peterson, "Cardiovascular disease and risk management: review of the American diabetes association standards of medical care in diabetes 2018," Annals of internal medicine, vol. 168, no. 9, pp. 640-650, 2018.
[65]G. Assessment, "6. Glycemic targets: standards of medical care in diabetes—2022," Diabetes Care, vol. 45, p. S83, 2022.
[66]V. J. Vieira-Potter, D. Karamichos, and D. J. Lee, "Ocular complications of diabetes and therapeutic approaches," BioMed research international, vol. 2016, 2016.
[67]N. Sayin, N. Kara, and G. Pekel, "Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus," World journal of diabetes, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 92, 2015.
[68]N. Kagansky, S. Levy, and H. Knobler, "The role of hyperglycemia in acute stroke," Archives of neurology, vol. 58, no. 8, pp. 1209-1212, 2001.
[69]A. A. Sima, H. Kamiya, and Z. G. Li, "Insulin, C-peptide, hyperglycemia, and central nervous system complications in diabetes," European journal of pharmacology, vol. 490, no. 1-3, pp. 187-197, 2004.
[70]M. J. Klag et al., "Blood pressure and end-stage renal disease in men," New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 334, no. 1, pp. 13-18, 1996.
[71]S. Snyder and B. Pendergraph, "Detection and evaluation of chronic kidney disease," American family physician, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 1723-1732, 2005.
[72]C.-Y. Wu, H.-Y. Hu, Y.-J. Chou, N. Huang, Y.-C. Chou, and C.-P. Li, "High blood pressure and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortalities in community-dwelling older adults," Medicine, vol. 94, no. 47, 2015.
[73]S. M. Haffner, "The importance of hyperglycemia in the nonfasting state to the development of cardiovascular disease," Endocrine reviews, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 583-592, 1998.
[74]M. Fleger and A. Neyer, "PDMS microfluidic chip with integrated waveguides for optical detection," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 83, no. 4, pp. 1291-1293, 2006/04/01/ 2006, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2006.01.086.
[75]G. Pasirayi, S. M. Scott, M. Islam, L. O׳Hare, S. Bateson, and Z. Ali, "Low cost microfluidic cell culture array using normally closed valves for cytotoxicity assay," Talanta, vol. 129, pp. 491-498, 2014/11/01/ 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.020.
[76]C. M. Olmos et al., "Epoxy resin mold and PDMS microfluidic devices through photopolymer flexographic printing plate," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 288, pp. 742-748, 2019/06/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.03.062.
[77]M. T. Guler, M. Inal, and I. Bilican, "CO2 laser machining for microfluidics mold fabrication from PMMA with applications on viscoelastic focusing, electrospun nanofiber production, and droplet generation," Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 98, pp. 340-349, 2021/06/25/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.033.
[78] V. Dediu, M. Carp, F. S. Iliescu, E. A. Laszlo, C. Pachiu, and C. Iliescu, "PDMS Based Microfluidics Fabrication Using 3D-Printed Molds," in 2022 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS), 2022: IEEE, pp. 243-246.
[79]J. M. Li, C. Liu, J. S. Liu, Z. Xu, and L. D. Wang, "Multi-layer PMMA microfluidic chips with channel networks for liquid sample operation," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 209, no. 15, pp. 5487-5493, 2009/08/01/ 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.05.003.
[80]A. Toossi, H. Moghadas, M. Daneshmand, and D. Sameoto, "Bonding PMMA microfluidics using commercial microwave ovens," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 25, no. 8, p. 085008, 2015.
[81]X. Chen, J. Shen, and M. Zhou, "Rapid fabrication of a four-layer PMMA-based microfluidic chip using CO2-laser micromachining and thermal bonding," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 26, no. 10, p. 107001, 2016.
[82]A. Liga, J. A. S. Morton, and M. Kersaudy-Kerhoas, "Safe and cost-effective rapid-prototyping of multilayer PMMA microfluidic devices," Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, vol. 20, no. 12, p. 164, 2016/11/25 2016, doi: 10.1007/s10404-016-1823-1.
[83]Y. Fan, S. Liu, J. He, K. Gao, and Y. Zhang, "Rapid prototyping of flexible multilayer microfluidic devices using polyester sealing film," Microsystem Technologies, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 2847-2852, 2018.
[84]S. A. M. Shaegh et al., "Rapid prototyping of whole-thermoplastic microfluidics with built-in microvalves using laser ablation and thermal fusion bonding," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 255, pp. 100-109, 2018/02/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.138.
[85]T. Nguyen, S. H. Jung, M. S. Lee, T.-E. Park, S.-k. Ahn, and J. H. Kang, "Robust chemical bonding of PMMA microfluidic devices to porous PETE membranes for reliable cytotoxicity testing of drugs," Lab on a Chip, vol. 19, no. 21, pp. 3706-3713, 2019.
[86]M. Madadi, A. Madadi, R. Zareifar, and A. Nikfarjam, "A simple solvent-assisted method for thermal bonding of large-surface, multilayer PMMA microfluidic devices," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 349, p. 114077, 2023/01/01/ 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2022.114077.
[87]L. Romoli, G. Tantussi, and G. Dini, "Experimental approach to the laser machining of PMMA substrates for the fabrication of microfluidic devices," Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 419-427, 2011/03/01/ 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2010.11.013.
[88]Y. C. Yap, R. M. Guijt, T. C. Dickson, A. E. King, and M. C. Breadmore, "Stainless steel pinholes for fast fabrication of high-performance microchip electrophoresis devices by CO2 laser ablation," Analytical chemistry, vol. 85, no. 21, pp. 10051-10056, 2013.
[89]M. I. Mohammed, M. N. H. Z. Alam, A. Kouzani, and I. Gibson, "Fabrication of microfluidic devices: Improvement of surface quality of CO2 laser machined poly (methylmethacrylate) polymer," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 27, no. 1, p. 015021, 2016.
[90]J. Cai et al., "Rapid prototyping of cyclic olefin copolymer based microfluidic system with CO 2 laser ablation," Microsystem Technologies, vol. 23, pp. 5063-5069, 2017.
[91]H. Mansour, E. A. Soliman, A. M. F. El-Bab, and A. L. Abdel-Mawgood, "Development of epoxy resin-based microfluidic devices using CO2 laser ablation for DNA amplification point-of-care (POC) applications," The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 120, no. 7-8, pp. 4355-4372, 2022.
[92]H. Gong, B. P. Bickham, A. T. Woolley, and G. P. Nordin, "Custom 3D printer and resin for 18 μm× 20 μm microfluidic flow channels," Lab on a Chip, vol. 17, no. 17, pp. 2899-2909, 2017.
[93]Y.-S. Lee, N. Bhattacharjee, and A. Folch, "3D-printed Quake-style microvalves and micropµmps," Lab on a Chip, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1207-1214, 2018.
[94]T. Ching, Y. Li, R. Karyappa, A. Ohno, Y.-C. Toh, and M. Hashimoto, "Fabrication of integrated microfluidic devices by direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 297, p. 126609, 2019/10/15/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.086.
[95]A. Kara et al., "Engineering 3D printed microfluidic chips for the fabrication of nanomedicines," Pharmaceutics, vol. 13, no. 12, p. 2134, 2021.
[96]L. Zhang, Z. Li, J. Mu, W. Fang, and L. Tong, "Femtoliter-scale optical nanofiber sensors," Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 22, pp. 28408-28415, 2015/11/02 2015, doi: 10.1364/OE.23.028408.
[97]Z. Li, Y. Xu, W. Fang, L. Tong, and L. Zhang, "Ultra-sensitive nanofiber fluorescence detection in a microfluidic chip," Sensors, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 4890-4898, 2015.
[98]T. T. Nguyen, K. T. L. Trinh, W. J. Yoon, N. Y. Lee, and H. Ju, "Integration of a microfluidic polymerase chain reaction device and surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor into an inline all-in-one platform for pathogenic bacteria detection," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 242, pp. 1-8, 2017/04/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.10.137.
[99]J. Zhu et al., "Optofluidic marine phosphate detection with enhanced absorption using a Fabry–Pérot resonator," Lab on a Chip, vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 4025-4030, 2017.
[100]H.-M. Kim, J.-H. Park, D. H. Jeong, H.-Y. Lee, and S.-K. Lee, "Real-time detection of prostate-specific antigens using a highly reliable fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance sensor combined with micro fluidic channel," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 273, pp. 891-898, 2018.
[101]H.-M. Kim, M. Uh, D. H. Jeong, H.-Y. Lee, J.-H. Park, and S.-K. Lee, "Localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor using nanopatterned gold particles on the surface of an optical fiber," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 280, pp. 183-191, 2019/02/01/ 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.10.059.
[102]L. Saitta et al., "Design and manufacturing of a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on inkjet 3D printing for simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature," The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp. 1-18, 2022.
[103]J. Mashaiekhy, Z. Shafieizadeh, and H. Nahidi, "Effect of substrate temperature and film thickness on the characteristics of silver thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering," The European Physical Journal-Applied Physics, vol. 60, no. 2, p. 20301, 2012.
[104]L. Mao, Y. Geng, Y. Cao, and Y. Yan, "Uniform high-reflectivity silver film deposited by planar magnetron sputtering," Vacuµm, vol. 185, p. 109999, 2021/03/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuµm.2020.109999.
[105]J. Yin, Y. Cao, K. Wang, L. Lu, Y. Du, and Y. Yan, "Silver films on alµminµm alloy 6061 modified by ion bombardment improves surface reflectivity," Vacuµm, vol. 193, p. 110505, 2021/11/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuµm.2021.110505.
[106]A. H. Hammad, M. S. Abdel-wahab, S. Vattamkandathil, and A. R. Ansari, "Structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by RF sputtering at different thicknesses," Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 540, pp. 1-8, 2018/07/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2018.04.017.
[107]M. Levlin, E. Ikävalko, and T. Laitinen, "Adsorption of mercury on gold and silver surfaces," Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry, vol. 365, pp. 577-586, 1999.
[108]Y. M. Sabri, S. J. Ippolito, J. Tardio, A. J. Atanacio, D. K. Sood, and S. K. Bhargava, "Mercury diffusion in gold and silver thin film electrodes on quartz crystal microbalance sensors," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 137, no. 1, pp. 246-252, 2009/03/28/ 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.11.032.
[109]T. Sheela, Y. A. Nayaka, R. Viswanatha, S. Basavanna, and T. G. Venkatesha, "Kinetics and thermodynamics studies on the adsorption of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) from aqueous solution using zinc oxide nanoparticles," Powder Technology, vol. 217, pp. 163-170, 2012/02/01/ 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2011.10.023.
[110]K. V. Katok et al., "Hyperstoichiometric interaction between silver and mercury at the nanoscale," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 51, no. 11, pp. 2632-2635, 2012.
[111]D. Sahu, N. Sarkar, G. Sahoo, P. Mohapatra, and S. K. Swain, "Nano silver imprinted polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite thin films for Hg2+ sensor," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 246, pp. 96-107, 2017/07/01/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.01.038.
[112]Y.-S. Sun, C.-J. Li, and J.-C. Hsu, "Integration of curved D-type optical fiber sensor with microfluidic chip," Sensors, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 63, 2016.
[113]M. R. R. Khan, A. V. Watekar, and S.-W. Kang, "Fiber-optic biosensor to detect pH and glucose," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1528-1538, 2017.
[114]S. Novais, C. I. Ferreira, M. S. Ferreira, and J. L. Pinto, "Optical fiber tip sensor for the measurement of glucose aqueous solutions," IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1-9, 2018.
[115]W. Zheng et al., "Highly-sensitive and reflective glucose sensor based on optical fiber surface plasmon resonance," Microchemical Journal, vol. 157, p. 105010, 2020/09/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105010.
[116]J. Qu, Y. Liu, Y. Li, J. Li, and S. Meng, "Microfluidic Chip with Fiber-Tip Sensors for Synchronously Monitoring Concentration and Temperature of Glucose Solutions," Sensors, vol. 23, no. 5, p. 2478, 2023.
[117]J. Lu et al., "Comparable efficacy of self-monitoring of quantitative urine glucose with self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycaemic control in non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes," Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 179-186, 2011/08/01/ 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2011.04.012.
[118]R. Verma and B. D. Gupta, "Detection of heavy metal ions in contaminated water by surface plasmon resonance based optical fibre sensor using conducting polymer and chitosan," Food Chemistry, vol. 166, pp. 568-575, 2015/01/01/ 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.045.
[119]D. Rithesh Raj, S. Prasanth, T. V. Vineeshkµmar, and C. Sudarsanakµmar, "Surface Plasmon Resonance based fiber optic sensor for mercury detection using gold nanoparticles PVA hybrid," Optics Communications, vol. 367, pp. 102-107, 2016/05/15/ 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.01.027.
[120]S.-Y. Tan, S.-C. Lee, T. Okazaki, H. Kuramitz, and F. Abd-Rahman, "Detection of mercury (II) ions in water by polyelectrolyte–gold nanoparticles coated long period fiber grating sensor," Optics Communications, vol. 419, pp. 18-24, 2018/07/15/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2018.02.069.
[121]N. Zhong et al., "Three-layer-structure polymer optical fiber with a rough inter-layer surface as a highly sensitive evanescent wave sensor," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 254, pp. 133-142, 2018/01/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.032.
[122]Y.-n. Zhang, L. Zhang, B. Han, P. Gao, Q. Wu, and A. Zhang, "Reflective mercury ion and temperature sensor based on a functionalized no-core fiber combined with a fiber Bragg grating," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 272, pp. 331-339, 2018/11/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.168.
[123]N. Mishra, A. Dhwaj, D. Verma, and A. Prabhakar, "Cost-effective microabsorbance detection based nanoparticle immobilized microfluidic system for potential investigation of diverse chemical contaminants present in drinking water," Analytica Chimica Acta, vol. 1205, p. 339734, 2022.
[124]T. L. Singal, Optical fiber communications: principles and applications. Cambridge University Press, 2016.
[125]Z. Fang, K. Chin, R. Qu, and H. Cai, Fundamentals of optical fiber sensors. John Wiley & Sons, 2012.
[126]E. Snitzer, "Cylindrical dielectric waveguide modes," JOSA, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 491-498, 1961.
[127]D. Gloge, "Weakly guiding fibers," Applied optics, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 2252-2258, 1971.
[128] R. Gafsi and M. A. El-Sherif, "Analysis of induced-birefringence effects on fiber Bragg gratings," in Optical Fiber Technology, 2000, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 299-323.
[129]J. F. Nye, Physical properties of crystals: their representation by tensors and matrices. Oxford university press, 1985.
[130]J. Poirson, F. Bretenaker, M. Vallet, and A. Le Floch, "Analytical and experimental study of ringing effects in a Fabry–Perot cavity. Application to the measurement of high finesses," JOSA B, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 2811-2817, 1997.
[131]Y.-J. Rao, Z.-L. Ran, and Y. Gong, Fiber-Optic Fabry–Perot Sensors: An Introduction. CRC Press, 2017.
[132]A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: optical electronics in modern communications. Oxford university press, 2007.
[133]P.-L. Chen, K.-C. Lin, W.-C. Chuang, Y.-C. Tzeng, K.-Y. Lee, and W.-Y. Lee, "Analysis of a liquid crystal Fabry-Perot etalon filter: A novel model," IEEE photonics technology letters, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 467-469, 1997.
[134]F. A. Jenkins and H. E. White, "Fundamentals of optics," Indian Journal of Physics, vol. 25, pp. 265-266, 1957.
[135]C. E. Lee and H. F. Taylor, "Sensors for smart structures based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer," Fiber optic smart structures(A 95-34976 09-39), New York, NY, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics), 1995, pp. 249-269, 1995.
[136]E. Hecht, "Optics Fourth Edition,(2003)," ed: and.
[137]Z. Xie, Two applications of the Fabry-Perot interferometric sensor (no. 09). 2006.
[138]M. Islam, M. M. Ali, M.-H. Lai, K.-S. Lim, and H. Ahmad, "Chronology of Fabry-Perot interferometer fiber-optic sensors and their applications: a review," Sensors, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 7451-7488, 2014.
[139]J. Yao, T. Zhu, D.-W. Duan, and M. Deng, "Nanocomposite polyacrylamide based open cavity fiber Fabry–Perot hµmidity sensor," Applied Optics, vol. 51, no. 31, pp. 7643-7647, 2012.
[140]R. St-Gelais et al., "Gas sensing using polymer-functionalized deformable Fabry–Perot interferometers," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 182, pp. 45-52, 2013/06/01/ 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.02.016.
[141]R. St-Gelais, A. Poulin, and Y.-A. Peter, "Advances in modeling, design, and fabrication of deep-etched multilayer resonators," Journal of Lightwave technology, vol. 30, no. 12, pp. 1900-1908, 2012.
[142]马金英 et al., "光纤表面等离子体共振传感灵敏度提高研究进展," 中国激光, vol. 48, no. 19, p. 1906002, 2021.
[143]C.-M. Wu, Z.-C. Jian, S.-F. Joe, and L.-B. Chang, "High-sensitivity sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and heterodyne interferometry," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 92, no. 1-2, pp. 133-136, 2003.
[144]W. B. Lin, N. Jaffrezic-Renault, A. Gagnaire, and H. Gagnaire, "The effects of polarization of the incident light-modeling and analysis of a SPR multimode optical fiber sensor," Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 198-204, 2000.
[145]M. Kashif, A. A. A. Bakar, N. Arsad, and S. Shaari, "Development of phase detection schemes based on surface plasmon resonance using interferometry," Sensors, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 15914-15938, 2014.
[146]H. Ho and W. Lam, "Application of differential phase measurement technique to surface plasmon resonance sensors," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 554-559, 2003.
[147]P. Nikitin, A. Beloglazov, V. Kochergin, M. Valeiko, and T. Ksenevich, "Surface plasmon resonance interferometry for biological and chemical sensing," Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 54, no. 1-2, pp. 43-50, 1999.
[148]A. V. Kabashin, S. Patskovsky, and A. N. Grigorenko, "Phase and amplitude sensitivities in surface plasmon resonance bio and chemical sensing," Opt. Express, vol. 17, no. 23, pp. 21191-21204, 2009.
[149]A. Kabashin and P. Nikitin, "Surface plasmon resonance interferometer for bio-and chemical-sensors," Optics communications, vol. 150, no. 1-6, pp. 5-8, 1998.
[150]J. Mashaiekhy, Z. Shafieizadeh, and H. Nahidi, "Effect of substrate temperature and film thickness on the characteristics of silver thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering," The European Physical Journal-Applied Physics, vol. 60, no. 2, 2012.
[151]T. Suzuki, Y. Abe, M. Kawamura, K. Sasaki, T. Shouzu, and K. Kawamata, "Optical and electrical properties of pure Ag and Ag-based alloy thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering," Vacuµm, vol. 66, no. 3-4, pp. 501-504, 2002.
[152]M. Malekzadeh, K. L. Yeung, M. Halali, and Q. Chang, "Synthesis of nanostructured Ag@ SiO2-Penicillin from high purity Ag NPs prepared by electromagnetic levitation melting process," Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 102, pp. 616-622, 2019.
[153]A. M. Mostafa, E. A. Mwafy, A. M. Khalil, A. Toghan, and E. A. Alashkar, "ZnO/Ag multilayer for enhancing the catalytic activity against 4-nitrophenol," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 300, 2023.
[154]E. Ando and M. Miyazaki, "Moisture resistance of the low-emissivity coatings with a layer structure of Al-doped ZnO/Ag/Al-doped ZnO," Thin Solid Films, vol. 392, no. 2, pp. 289-293, 2001.
[155]X. Zhao, Q. Li, X. Ma, F. Quan, J. Wang, and Y. Xia, "The preparation of alginate–AgNPs composite fiber with green approach and its antibacterial activity," Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 24, pp. 188-195, 2015.
[156]Y. Shao et al., "Green synthesis of sodiµm alginate-silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity," International journal of biological macromolecules, vol. 111, pp. 1281-1292, 2018.
[157]S. Y. Seo, G. H. Lee, S. G. Lee, S. Y. Jung, J. O. Lim, and J. H. Choi, "Alginate-based composite sponge containing silver nanoparticles synthesized in situ," Carbohydrate polymers, vol. 90, no. 1, pp. 109-115, 2012.
[158]J.-S. Yang, Y.-J. Xie, and W. He, "Research progress on chemical modification of alginate: A review," Carbohydrate polymers, vol. 84, no. 1, pp. 33-39, 2011.
[159]M. Uh et al., "Fabrication of localized surface plasmon resonance sensor based on optical fiber and micro fluidic channel," Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1083-1091, 2017.
[160]E. Salehi, P. Daraei, and A. Arabi Shamsabadi, "A review on chitosan-based adsorptive membranes," Carbohydrate Polymers, vol. 152, pp. 419-432, 2016/11/05/ 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.033.
[161]S. Schröder et al., "Origins of light scattering from thin film coatings," Thin Solid Films, vol. 592, pp. 248-255, 2015/10/01/ 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2015.02.077.
[162]A. Moezzi, A. M. McDonagh, and M. B. Cortie, "Zinc oxide particles: Synthesis, properties and applications," Chemical engineering journal, vol. 185, pp. 1-22, 2012.
[163]S.-Y. Kuo et al., "Effects of RF power on the structural, optical and electrical properties of Al-doped zinc oxide films," Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 730-733, 2010.
[164]Y.-L. Fang, C.-T. Wang, and C.-C. Chiang, "A small U-shaped bending-induced interference optical fiber sensor for the measurement of glucose solutions," Sensors, vol. 16, no. 9, p. 1460, 2016.
[165] A. Marzuki, A. C. Pratiwi, and V. Suryanti, "Evanescent wave absorption based fiber sensor for measuring glucose solution concentration," in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018, vol. 333, no. 1: IOP Publishing, p. 012016.