目前應用於海運之傳統溶劑型船舶塗料不但有溶劑污染問題也因海洋生物及藻類附著於船體，使得船舶阻力上升並增加油耗量。雖然文獻上油性船舶防污塗料結合防污(AF)和污垢釋放(FR)塗層發展完整，但油性船舶塗料有溶劑污染的問題；因此發展水性船舶塗料結合AF和FR塗層顯得相當重要。雖然文獻上水性含矽丙烯酸船舶防污塗料的研究已經可以達到自拋光及疏水效果，但侵蝕速率太快。本研究將結合氟、矽及二氯異噻唑啉酮(DCOIT)製備水性含氟矽丙烯酸船舶防污塗料，結合AF與FR的複合塗層在侵蝕速率和防污性能方面都具有很大的潛力。
本研究合成兩種乳液分別為甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯（TFEMA）及2-(全氟己基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯（2-PFEMA）的乳液，兩種乳液是加入相同比例反應型乳化劑（AR-10）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）、丙烯酸-2-乙基己酯（2-EHA）、矽氧烷單體（MCR-M22）及不同比例的TFEMA與2-PFEMA以半連續式乳化聚合而成；合成後的乳液再加入固定比例之氧化鋅、碳酸鈣、滑石粉、二氧化鈦、二氧化矽及分散劑等添加物，並用鋯珠和機械攪拌分散後製備成塗料，塗料再噴塗在不銹鋼板上其厚度約為200微米塗膜，再量測塗膜之硬度、百格試驗、水滴接觸角、侵蝕速率及抗生物附著等數據。
實驗結果顯示TFEMA之塗膜其硬度、水滴接觸角、侵蝕速率及抗生物附著等方面表現不如2-PFEMA所形成的塗膜；2-PFEMA之塗膜其鉛筆硬度可以達到7H，百格試驗的級數為0~2級；隨著2-PFEMA的比例增加，塗膜水滴接觸角跟著增加，水滴接觸角最高可達110.3°；塗膜之侵蝕速率於90天時，重量損失僅9.7%；生物附著試驗在浸泡90天後，最佳配方仍能保持0%的生物覆蓋率；AF塗層和FR塗層的組合表現最為優異，既能降低侵蝕速率，又具有良好的抗生物附著能力。

The traditional solvent-based ship coatings currently used in shipping not only have the problem of solvent pollution, but also cause marine organisms and algae to adhere to the hull, which increases the resistance of the ship and increases fuel consumption. Although the combination of oil-based ship antifouling coatings with antifouling (AF) and fouling release (FR) coatings has been developed in the literature, there is a problem of solvent pollution in oil-based marine coatings; therefore, it is very important to develop water-based ship coatings combined with AF and FR coatings. Although the research on water-based silicon-containing acrylic ship antifouling coatings in the literature has achieved self-polishing and hydrophobic effects, the erosion rate is too fast. This research will combine fluorine, silicon and dichloroisothiazolinone (DCOIT) to prepare waterborne fluorine-containing silicon acrylic ship antifouling coating. The composite coating combined with AF and FR has great potential in terms of erosion rate and antifouling performance.
In this study, two emulsions were synthesized as TFEMA and 2-PFEMA emulsions. The two emulsions were added with the same propor-tion of AR-10, MMA, BMA, 2-EHA, MCR-M22 and different proportions of TFEMA and 2-PFEMA semi-continuous emulsion polymerization; Add a fixed proportion of zinc oxide, calcium carbonate, talcum powder, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and dispersant to the synthesized emulsion, and then use zirconium beads and mechanical stirring to disperse it to prepare a coating, and then spray the coating on the stainless steel plate. The thickness of the coating film is about 200 microns, and then measure the hardness of the coating film, the 100-grid test, the contact angle of water droplets, the erosion rate and the anti-biological adhesion and other data.
The experimental results show that the hardness, water drop contact angle, erosion rate and bio-adhesion resistance of the coating film of TFEMA are not as good as those of the coating film formed by 2-PFEMA; the pencil hardness of the coating film of 2-PFEMA can reach 7H. The grade is 0~2; as the proportion of 2-PFEMA increases, the contact angle of water droplets increases, and the contact angle of water droplets can reach up to 110.3°; when the erosion rate is 90 days, the weight loss is only 9.7%; After that, the best formula can still maintain 0% bio-coverage; the combination of AF coating and FR coating has the best performance, which can not only reduce the erosion rate, but also have good anti-bio-fouling ability.

摘要 I
Abstract III
總目錄 V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 3
1-3 研究架構 5
第二章 相關知識與文獻回顧 6
2-1 海洋生物汙垢 6
2-1-1 海洋汙垢生長的機制 7
2-1-2 環境對於海洋汙垢的影響 9
2-2 船舶防汙塗料的歷史 11
2-2-1 有毒重金屬塗料 11
2-2-2 三丁基錫（TBT）塗料 12
2-2-3 仿生防污塗料 12
2-3 影響防汙與汙垢釋放特性的因素[47] 19
2-3-1 界面化學影響 20
2-3-2 表面物理特性影響 22
2-3-3 塗層耐用性（durability）和依附性（attachment） 23
2-4 殺菌劑-二氯異噻唑啉酮DCOIT 25
2-5 乳化聚合 28
2-5-1 一般型/反應型乳化劑性能及分類 28
2-5-2 乳化聚合技術 30
2-6 侵蝕速率與防污性能文獻回顧 36
第三章 實驗 45
3-1 實驗試藥 45
3-2 實驗設備 49
3-3分析儀器 50
3-4 實驗方法 53
3-4-1 乳液的製備 53
3-4-2 塗料的製備 59
3-5 測試方法 61
3-5-1 固含量測定 61
3-5-2 儲存穩定性 61
3-5-3 吸水率測試 61
3-5-4 百格試驗 62
3-5-5 鉛筆硬度測試 64
3-5-6 人造實海掛板浸泡試驗 65
3-5-7 侵蝕速率 66
3-5-8 生物附著百格試驗法 67
第四章 結果與討論 68
4-1 乳液之基本性質 68
4-1-1 聚合物官能基鑑定 68
4-1-2 矽及不同氟單體/比例對成膜的影響 70
4-1-3 矽及不同氟單體/比例對固含量的影響 71
4-2 乳液成膜之基本性質 73
4-2-1 矽及不同氟單體/比例對於表面疏水性的影響 73
4-2-2 矽及不同氟單體/比例對硬度的影響 74
4-2-3 矽及不同氟單體/比例對附著度的影響 75
4-3 塗料及塗膜之基本性質 78
4-3-1 塗料之固含量 78
4-3-2 塗料之穩定性 78
4-3-3 塗料成膜之鉛筆硬度 80
4-3-4 塗料成膜之附著度 81
4-3-5 乳液與塗料成膜對吸水率的影響 83
4-4 塗膜在人造實海掛板浸泡試驗的性質 85
4-4-1 塗膜之表面疏水性 85
4-4-2 塗膜之抗生物附著性 86
4-4-3 塗膜之侵蝕速率 91
4-5 利用浸泡鹽水驗證丙烯酸塗料的水解性能 95
4-6 探討含氟矽搭配可降解毒劑的作用 97
第五章 結 論 99
5-1 結論 99
5-2 建議 102
第六章 參考文獻 103

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