臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之自行車製作一種低成本的動力輔助裝置，可以在不改變自行車框架的情況下運行。它不需要拆卸輪胎或輪框，因此是一種易於安裝的外掛式系統。與其他電輔車或改裝套件相比，本研究開發的裝置可擴展性與硬件兼容性高。該系統主要是依賴於微控制器MCU(Microcontroller Unit)為運算核心，使用Holtek HT66F2390作為主要控制器，整合無刷電機馬達進行動力驅動、霍爾轉速感測器檢測單車中置齒盤的轉速、磁盤、MCU切換開關、與350W的鋰電池。
在不改變自行車車架的情況下，將動力馬達安裝在單車中軸車架下緣，設計了一個專用支架固定安裝。檢測齒輪轉速的感應器是利用霍爾效應運作，當感應器通電，電流中的電子會沿著直線移動，電流在充電時會產生自己的磁場，此時在感測器一旁設計圓形具有間隔的磁鐵圓盤，並安裝在單車的中軸上。這時磁鐵盤與感測器會產生外部的中斷，將感測器讀出的訊號傳至MCU計算，可得到騎士踩動踏板的轉速。該系統設計有四段式的動力輔助，以協助騎士有感的得知騎乘更省力。
該研究模擬一般通勤在城市的上班路段，安裝該系統在類似路段騎乘時間有明顯縮短，相比於原單車總時常間減少17%~27%，以及速度的增加。研究開發之系統應用性將可以擴展到公共自行車或共享自行車領域。

This study developed a low-cost power-assist device for bicycles that can operate without altering the bicycle frame. It does not require the removal of tires or rims, making it an easy-to-install add-on system. Compared to other electric-assist bicycles or conversion kits, the device developed in this study offers high scalability and hardware compatibility. The system primarily relies on a Microcontroller Unit (MCU) as the computational core, using the Holtek HT66F2390 as the main controller. It integrates a brushless motor for power drive, a Hall effect speed sensor to detect the rotation speed of the bicycle's central chainring, a disk, an MCU switch, and a 350W lithium battery.

Without altering the bicycle frame, the power motor is installed at the lower edge of the bicycle's bottom bracket using a specially designed mounting bracket. The sensor that detects the gear rotation speed operates using the Hall effect. When the sensor is powered, electrons in the current move in a straight line, and the current generates its own magnetic field during charging. A circular magnet disc with intervals is designed next to the sensor and installed on the bicycle's bottom bracket. This setup creates an external interruption between the magnet disc and the sensor, allowing the sensor's signals to be transmitted to the MCU for calculation, thereby determining the rider's pedaling speed. The system is designed with a four-level power-assist feature to help riders experience noticeable ease while cycling.

The study simulated typical commuting routes in urban areas, and after installing the system, the cycling time on similar routes was significantly reduced. Compared to the original bicycle, the total commuting time decreased by 17% to 27%, along with an increase in speed. The system developed in this study has the potential to be extended to public bicycles or bike-sharing programs.

摘要............................................i
Abstract........................................ii
誌謝............................................iv
目錄............................................v
表目錄..........................................vii
圖目錄..........................................viii
第一章 緒論.....................................1
1.1 前言.......................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的..............................1
1.3 論文架構....................................2
第二章 文獻探討.................................3
2.1 近五年市售單車、電動輔助二輪車種類............3
2.2 現有的電動輔助二輪車.........................4
2.3 現有的電輔車改裝套件.........................5
第三章 研究內容與方法............................6
3.1 元件介紹....................................6
3.1.1 HT66F2390微控制器.........................6
3.1.2 無刷電機馬達..............................7
3.1.3 霍爾感測器................................8
3.2 系統硬體架構................................9
3.3 系統功能說明................................10
3.3.1 四個檔位分段助力...........................11
3.4 程式執行流程.................................12
3.5 系統外觀設計.................................13
3.5.1 外觀設計概念...............................13
3.5.2 模擬測試實驗.............................14
3.5.3 模型完整運作.............................15
3.5.4 控制晶片整合.............................16
第四章 實驗結果與討論..........................17
4.1 模型系統功能測試..........................17
4.2 無刷馬達功率輸出之測試.....................18
4.3 無刷馬達分段之測試.........................19
4.4 實際道路測試-平路..........................21
4.5 實際道路測試-上坡..........................22
第五章 結論....................................22
5.1 結論......................................23
5.2 競賽及研討會...............................24
5.3 未來展望...................................25
參考文獻.......................................26

中文部分
1.賀力行、李陳國編著，「台灣電動機車產業發展與競爭策略之分析」。
2.MERIDA 美利達自行車。
3.騰輝電動車-中華微型電動二輪車鋰電版e-moving Shine。
4.Holtek HT66F2390 datasheet.
5.詹文豪，2009年，具有動態升壓之輕型電動載具用永磁同步馬達驅動器研製，國立台北科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文。
6.鍾啟仁，2023年，HT66FxxFlash MCU 原理與實務-C語言，全華圖書。
7.黃冠霖，2008年，無刷直流馬達驅動器之設計與製作，逢甲大學電機工程研究所碩士論文。
8.林坤鴻，2013年，無感測電動自行車驅動器之研製，亞東技術學院資訊與通訊工程研究所碩士論文。
9.江瑞利，2008年，輪轂馬達之最佳化設計與驅動器之研製，高苑科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文。
10.王鴻年，電動機車馬達驅動控制器之研製，國立台灣大學機械工程學研究所碩士論文。

外文部分
1.Livall the PikaBoost Electric Motor,(2023).
2.Bosch eBike System,(2023).
3.Go-e Onwheel Coplete Kit datasheet.
4.Chun-Lin Chen., Chun-Chin Wang., Mi-Ching Tsai., Po-Jen Ko.(2019). "Control System Design of Power Assisted Bike Based on Planetary Gear".
5.Chun-Feng Huang., Bang-Hao Dai., T-J Yeh.(2016). "Observer-based sensor fusion for power assist electric bicycles", IEEE Trans.
6.Pang-Chia Chen., Huan-Yu Lin., Shyue-Bin Chang.(2010). "The torque control of human power assisted electric bikes", IEEE Trans.
7.P. Pillay. and R. Krishnan.(2008). "Modeling of permanent magnet motor drives," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, pp.540-541.
8.Zhang Kai., Yin Dejun.(2017)."A control approach adaptive to load and road slope for electric power assisted bicycle", IEEE Trans.