臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

磨合過程是新運動件藉由互相磨損以調整表面形狀，增進其剩餘工作壽命中穩定性能的重要階段。磨合是機械元件穩態效率的重要參數，也是新製造表面必要和有益的運轉行為，摩擦接觸部件的運行狀況會由磨合行為決定。忽視磨合階段意味著忽略導致可以演化成長期穩態摩擦和磨損行為的關鍵線索。本研究的目的是以盤對塊線接觸機研究與評估磨合過程特性變化。本實驗在不同速度、潤滑劑和負載條件下以不同表面粗糙度 ( 0.1 μm、0.3 μm、0.6 μm ) 來進行的，實驗潤滑境域依上述條件設計在混和與邊界潤滑狀態的界面下進行，通過實驗得到摩擦係數、接觸阻力、實際接觸面積、表面粗糙度、黏附參數、抗磨損指數和膜厚參數，研究粗糙度、速度、載荷和潤滑劑對它們的影響。經由微接觸模型的經驗性質和深入的分析，磨合載荷造成接觸粗糙的塑性變形與表面結構變化。理論和實驗結果發現，塑性指數 ѱ、表面表面粗糙度參數 β、實際接觸面積比 A_0^*、修正FPI、比膜厚λ和附著指數θ 深受磨合過程的影響，同時說明不同表面粗糙度，在磨合過程對界面處的史崔拜克曲線的影響。

The running-in process is the primary stage for the new moving parts wearing against each other to establish the surface shape adjustment that will regulate them into a stable relationship for the rest of their working life. Running-in is a significant parameter for steady-state efficiency of mechanical elements. The operational condition of tribological contact components identifies its behavior during the running-in period. Running-in is a necessary and beneficial operation of newly manufactured surfaces. Ignoring the running-in stage means ignoring crucial clues to the evolution of conjoint processes that lead to long-term steady-state friction and wear behaviour. The objective of this research is to investigate and evaluate the running-in process. The running-in process is investigated by using disk-on-block line contact machine. The experiment is performed by varying the surface roughness of the block (0.1 µm, 0.3 µm, and 0.6 µm) under specific speeds, lubricants and loading condition. The experiment is carried out under boundary to mixed lubrication regimes. The effects of roughness pattern, speeds, loads and lubricants on the running-in behaviour is studied. Then, the friction coefficient, contact resistance, real contact area, surface roughness parameters, adhesion index, anti-scuffing index and film parameter are obtained from the experiment. Due to its empirical nature and well-ploughed analysis, an asperity micro-contact model was considered. The running-in load promoted plastic deformation of contact asperities and created microstructural changes on the contact surfaces. The theoretical and experiment result shows that the plasticity index ѱ, surface roughness parameter β, real contact area ratio A_0^*, modified FPI, specific film thickness λ and adhesion index θ is influenced by the running-in process. The effect of running-in on the stribeck curve at interface is also addressed for various surface roughness.

ABSTRACT ...i
摘要 ...iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...v
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...vi
LIST OF TABLES ...xi
LIST OF FIGURES ...xii
SYMBOLS ...xix
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION ...1
1.1 Tribology and running-in ...1
1.2 Aims and objectives ...3
1.3 Thesis outline ...3
CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW ...5
2.1 Running-in ...5
2.2 Running-in contacts ...6
2.3 Factors affect the running-in condition ...8
2.3.1 Effect of surface topography ...8
2.3.2 Effect of load and velocity ...11
2.3.3 Effect of lubrication ...13
2.4 Lubrication regimes and stribeck curve ...14
2.5 Running-in model on literature ...16
CHAPTER-3 THEORETICAL RUNNING-IN MODEL ...21
3.1 Running-in model of line contact ...21
3.1.1 Dimensionless surface roughness parameter ...22
3.1.2 Plasticity index ...22
3.1.3 Real contact area ratio ...23
3.1.4 Specific film thickness ...24
3.1.5 Modified FPI criterion ...25
3.1.6 Adhesion index ...26
CHAPTER-4 TEST APPARATUS AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY ...27
4.1 Running-in test apparatus ...27
4.2 Materials and their properties ...28
4.3 Circulation lubricants ...30
4.4 Operating conditions ...31
4.5 Experimental methodology ...32
4.5.1 Disk on block test apparatus device ...32
4.5.2 Contact angle measurement device ...37
4.5.3 Optical profilometer ...39
4.5.4 Digital optical microscope (OM) ...40
CHAPTER-5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ...41
5.1 Variation in surface roughness ...42
5.1.1 Effect of time on surface roughness ...43
5.1.2 Effect of load on surface roughness ...44
5.1.3 Effect of speed on surface roughness ...45
5.1.4 Effect of lubricant on surface roughness ...46
5.2 Variation in skewness and kurtosis ...47
5.2.1 Effect of time on skewness and kurtosis ...47
5.2.2 Effect of load on skewness and kurtosis ...48
5.2.3 Effect of speed on skewness and kurtosis ...50
5.2.4 Effect of lubricant on skewness and kurtosis ...51
5.3 Variation in dimensionless surface roughness parameter (β) ...53
5.3.1 Effect of load on roughness parameter ...53
5.3.2 Effect of speed on roughness parameter ...54
5.3.3 Effect of lubricant on roughness parameter ...55
5.4 Variation in plasticity index ...56
5.4.1 Effect of time on plasticity index ...57
5.4.2 Effect of load on plasticity index ...58
5.4.3 Effect of speed on plasticity index ...59
5.4.4 Effect of lubricant on plasticity index ...60
5.5 Variation in friction coefficient ...61
5.5.1 Effect of load on friction coefficient ...61
5.5.2 Effect of speed on friction coefficient ...62
5.5.3 Effect of lubricant on friction coefficient ...63
5.6 Variation in wear scar ...64
5.6.1 Effect of load on wear scar formation ...64
5.6.2 Effect of speed on wear scar formation ...65
5.6.3 Effect of lubricant on wear scar formation ...66
5.7 Variation in wear volume ...67
5.7.1 Effect of time on wear volume ...67
5.7.2 Effect of load on wear volume ...68
5.7.3 Effect of speed on wear volume ...70
5.7.4 Effect of lubricant on wear volume ...72
5.8 Variation in nominal contact area and real contact area ratio ...73
5.8.1 Effect of time on nominal contact area ...73
5.8.2 Effect of load on nominal contact area ...74
5.8.3 Effect of speed on nominal contact area ...75
5.8.4 Effect of lubricant on nominal contact area ...76
5.8.5 Effect of time on real contact area ratio ...77
5.8.6 Effect of load on real contact area ratio ...77
5.8.7 Effect of speed on real contact area ratio ...78
5.8.8 Effect of lubricant on real contact area ratio ...79
5.9 Variation in modified friction power intensity (FPI) criterion ...80
5.9.1 Effect of time on modified FPI criterion ...80
5.9.2 Effect of load on modified FPI criterion ...81
5.9.3 Effect of speed on modified FPI criterion ...81
5.9.4 Effect of lubricant on modified FPI criterion ...82
5.10 Variation in the specific film thickness ...83
5.10.1 Effect of load on film thickness ...84
5.10.2 Effect of speed on film thickness ...85
5.11 Variation in adhesion index ...86
5.11.1 Effect of time on adhesion index ...87
5.11.2 Effect of load on adhesion index ...89
5.11.3 Effect of speed on adhesion index ...90
5.11.4 Effect of lubricant on adhesion index ...91
CHAPTER-6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK ...92
6.1 Summarized results ...92
6.2 Future work ...94
REFERENCES ...96
EXTENDED ABSTRACT ...101

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