臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於碳纖維複合材料(Carbon fiber composite material)具有相較傳統金屬材料
更高之強度重量比，在近年來廣泛的應用在眾多領域，而研究表明，採用碳纖
維複合材料能顯著的降低車輛重量，並進一步達到節能減碳的效果，因此本研
究主題為碳纖維複合材料之車門內補強樑結構的設計與製作。
本研究是以真空袋成形法(Vacuum bag molding)製作碳纖維複合材料防撞樑，
透過測試不同基材或不同纖維編織法進行機械性能評估(機械性能評估包括:拉
伸及壓縮陽氏係數、蒲松比、剪力模數及最大剪應力等測試)，完成性能測試後
選用較適合之製程及模具材料，並透過製作半圓形及方形之幾何形狀之複合材
料防撞樑進行三點彎曲測試，與有限元素法分析比較，進行不同疊層或不同表
層之編織型態的模擬分析。
從實驗結果可得知單方向纖維預浸材在強度、剛性、性能穩定性與成本下
均優於其他基材或纖維編織法。在[0/90/0/90/0]s 疊層下，方形之幾何形狀剛性
較佳，但製作過程中較易產生缺陷，導致實驗數據較不穩定。在不同疊層分析
中，而增加 90 度或近似 90 度之纖維可以改善剛性，而使用不重複角度之疊層
會導致剛性下降，並且若在表層及底層改為編織形態之纖維，可以大幅的減少
破壞面積，若在成本的允許下，使用編織形態之纖維可以大幅改善破壞之情形。

Because carbon fiber composite materials have a higher specific modulus and
specific strength than traditional matal materials, they have been widely usied in mbay
field. Studies have shown that the use of carbon fiber composite materials can
significantly reduce the weight of vehicles, condequently the effect of energy save and
carbon reduction can be achieved. The subject of this research is the design and
manufacture of the carbon fiber composite reinforcement and impact beams in the
vehicle door
In this study, the carbon composite reinforcement beam was fabricated by vacuum
bag molding process, and the mechanical properties were evaluated by testing different
matrices of different fibers. Mechaical properties include tensile, compression, and
shear testing to measuring the modulus, strength, and possion’s ratio. After the
performance test is completed, the optimum forming process parameter and composite
material are selected, and the carbon composite reinforcment beams with semicircular
and square geometric shapes are tested using the three-point bending test. The
experimental results are also compared with the finite element method anslysis. The
simulation analysis of the carbon composite with different fiber orienetatins or different
surface layers is also carried out.
According to the experimental results, the reinforcement beam composed of the
unidirectional fiber is superior to the beam composed of woven carbon fabric in terms
iii
of strenfth, rigidity, performance stability and cost. The reinforcment beam with square
geometry and composed of unidirctional fiber composte material with fiber orientation
of [0/90/0/90/0]s has a relatively high rigidity, but defects are more likely to occure
during the fabricatio process. This may result in unstable experimental data. In the
analysis of different fiber orientation, adding 90° or approximately 90° fiber can
improve the rigidity, while the use of non-repeating fiber orientation will lead to a
decrecse in rigidity. The addition of the woven fiber fabric reinforement as the surface
metatials can also reduce the damage area of the reinforement beams. If he cost allows,
the use of wove fiber fabric can gently improve the damage situation.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xi
第 1 章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
第 2 章 理論背景 4
2.1 複合材料概論 4
2.1.1 複合材料命名原則 5
2.1.2 基材(Matrix) 5
2.1.3 補強材(Reinforcement) 6
2.1.4 複合材料預浸材(Prepreg) 8
2.1.5 複合材料成形製程 9
2.2 複合材料力學 13
2.2.1 ANSYS/Workbench 13
2.2.2 ANSYS/ACP(Pre) 14
2.2.3 ANSYS/Static Structural 14
2.2.4 破壞準則 15
第 3 章 實驗材料與設備 18
3.1 實驗材料 18
3.1.1 碳纖維複合材料 18
3.1.2 GFRP模具製作相關材料 23
3.1.3 試片成型與製作相關材料 26
3.1.4 試驗相關材料 33
3.2 實驗設備 36
3.2.1 研究試片成型與製作相關設備 36
3.2.2 研究相關設備 43
3.2.3 研究使用模具 48
第 4 章 實驗程序與方法 49
4.1 碳纖維製程及參數測試 50
4.1.1 編織碳纖維乾布真空袋成形-濕式法 50
4.1.2 編織及單方向碳纖維真空袋成形-乾式法 53
4.1.3 碳纖維參數量測 55
4.2 碳纖維門內防撞樑模具設計及製作 66
4.2.1 公模製作 67
4.2.2 母模製作 70
4.3 碳纖維門內防撞樑靜態分析 72
4.3.1 幾何圖形設置 73
4.3.2 模型及網格設定 74
4.3.3 材料參數設定 76
4.3.4 疊層設定ACP(Pre) 76
4.3.5 三點彎曲模擬-接觸設定 84
4.3.6 三點彎曲模擬-負載及邊界設定 86
4.3.7 求解設定 89
4.4 碳纖維門內防撞樑製作 91
4.5 門內防撞樑三點彎曲測試 95
4.6 破壞後熱影像檢視 97
4.7 防撞樑RC%測試 97
第 5 章 結果與討論 99
5.1 材料選用 99
5.1.1 機械特性試驗結果 99
5.1.2 最終選用結果 107
5.1.3 碳纖維預浸材之材料參數 109
5.2 防撞樑三點彎曲測試及分析對比 110
5.2.1 方形試片 110
5.2.2 半圓形試片 115
5.2.3 防撞樑RC%測試結果 119
5.3 防撞樑不同疊層分析 120
5.3.1 疊層不同之參數 120
5.3.2 方形各疊層結果 121
5.3.3 半圓形各疊層結果 124
第 6 章 結論與未來工作 127
6.1 結論 127
6.2 未來工作 128
第 7 章 參考文獻 129

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