塑化劑鄰苯二甲酸酯類（Phthalates, PAEs）存在著環境與健康上的危害，且近年來陸續開發出相關替代品。本研究中，我們從南部地區戶外街道、公園、學校、市場收集了54處室外環境中灰塵樣本，分析塑化劑的濃度，並將發現的濃度與2014年在同一地點進行先前研究水平的比較並評估健康風險。結果表明，我們觀察到在街道灰塵中的PAEs主要成分的鄰苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（Di（2-ethylhexyl）phthalate, DEHP）的濃度並沒有下降，但發現到在學校市場灰塵中2014年DEHP的濃度為627.2 µg/g變化顯示至2021年濃度為171.3 µg/g，DEHP濃度下降了很多，表示在學校市場內所使用的塑化劑商品有減少的情況。此外，我們還注意到替代品的含量有所增加，對苯二甲酸二辛酯（Dioctyl terephthalate, DEHT）濃度為61.7 µg/g與DEHP濃度為65.4 µg/g具有非常相近的含量。健康風險評估結果顯示，兒童和成人的非致癌總風險（HI）均低於安全閾值１。人體暴露於室外灰塵中總致癌風險為1.71×10-10，表明南部地區的致癌風險處於可接受範圍，但仍然不能忽視致癌風險的長期效應。

The plasticizer phthalate esters (PAEs) have environmental and health hazards, and alternatives have been developed in recent years. In this study, we collected dust samples from 54 outdoor locations in southern Taiwan, including outdoor streets, parks, schools, and markets, analyzed the concentrations of plasticizers, compared the levels found with previous studies conducted at the same locations in 2014, and assessed the health risks. The results showed that the concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the main component of PAEs, did not decrease in street dust. However, in 2021, the dust concentration in schools and markets of 171.3 µg/g was significantly lower than in 2014 (627.2 µg/g), indicating that there were fewer plasticizers used in schools and markets. In addition, an increase in substitutes was noted, with Dioctyl terephthalate (DEHT) concentrations of 61.7 µg/g being very similar to DEHP concentrations of 65.4 µg/g. The health risk assessment showed that the total non-carcinogenic risk (HI) for both children and adults was below the safety threshold of 1. The total carcinogenic risk for human exposure to outdoor dust was 1.71×10-10, indicating that the carcinogenic risk in the southern region is within acceptable limits, but the long-term effects of carcinogenic risk should not be ignored.

目錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章、緒論 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 3
第二章、文獻探討 4
2.1 鄰苯二甲酸酯類（PHTHALATE ESTERS﹐PAES） 4
2.1.1 PAEs種類、特性與危害 5
2.1.2 PAEs管制法規與標準 11
2.2 PAES於環境中之探討 12
2.2.1 PAEs於土壤中之探討 13
2.2.2 PAEs於灰塵中之探討 14
2.3 PAES替代品之探討 17
2.4 PAES暴露及風險評估之探討 19
第三章、研究設計與方法 20
3.1 研究設計 20
3.1.1 研究設計步驟 20
3.1.2 研究區域選定 22
3.2 研究設備與藥品 36
3.2.1 研究設備 36
3.2.2 實驗藥品及採樣介質 38
3.3 樣本收集及分析方法 38
3.3.1 PAEs地面灰塵採樣 38
3.3.2 PAEs樣品儲存 38
3.3.3 PAEs分析方法 39
3.4 品保品管 41
3.4.1 檢量線製備 41
3.4.2 偵測極限 41
3.5 統計分析 42
第四章、資料分析與討論 43
4.1 高雄地區街塵、表土、學校市場PAES之濃度分布 43
4.1.1 高雄地區PAEs的含量 44
4.1.2 高雄地區PAEs的組成 47
4.1.3 高雄地區PAEs與先前研究的比較 50
4.2 高雄地區塑化劑替代品DEHT與DINCH之濃度分布 58
4.2.1 高雄地區DEHT的含量及分布 60
4.2.2 高雄地區DINCH的含量及分布 62
4.3 台南地區PAES之濃度分布 65
4.3.1台南地區PAEs的含量 68
4.3.2台南地區PAEs的組成 70
4.4 南部地區PAES與國外文獻濃度的比較 73
4.5 南部地區PAES之暴露及風險評估 74
第五章、結論與建議 78
參考文獻 79
附錄一 PAES之毒性化學管制物質分類 86
附錄二 環保署公告PAES毒性化學物質及管制濃度與分級運作量 87
附錄三 歐盟對於鄰苯二甲酸酯類之管制現況 92
附錄四 各國訂定PAES之TDI參考劑量 93
附錄五 PAES檢量線 94
附錄六 高雄市行政區各地點PAES濃度表 98
附錄七 高雄各行政區PAES濃度分析圖 104
附錄八 高雄各行政區PAES濃度表 109
附錄九 高雄各化合物PAES濃度分析圖 110
附錄十 高雄各化合物PAES濃度表 114

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