臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究建構光合複合菌最適量化生產技術並應用於四指馬鮁(午仔魚)(Eleutheronema tetradactylum)，養殖水質管理，量化生產之標準操作流程上，參照酸鹼值(pH)及氧化還原電位(Oxidation-Reduction Potential, ORP)進行光合複合菌培養過程中之監控。pH在添加營養鹽(魚溶漿)時降低，然後隨著培養時間增加而升高; 然而光合複合菌接種後，ORP則急劇升高，再隨著培養時間增加下降至-400 mV左右。對於預培養光合複合菌之水源進行消毒，漂白水濃度 400 ppm以上的實驗組能有效抑制弧菌生長。其次，探討營養鹽添加劑量對於光合複合菌生長週期之影響，隨著營養鹽劑量的增加其光合複合菌培養週期會逐漸縮短，每公噸水體建議添加1公斤的魚溶漿。然而，菌體的接種量越高，光合複合菌增殖的速度也越快，50%菌體為最適接種量。光合複合菌培養過程中進行水體擾動，發現40公分/秒的水體流速為最佳條件。
光合複合菌對於午仔魚養殖池之水質影響發現，水中氨氮濃度的變化沒有顯著性的差異，但亞硝酸濃度會隨著使用的劑量增加而下降，添加10 ppm以上的光合複合菌組在第七天之亞硝酸濃度可降低至0.2 ppm 以下。本研究已完成光合複合菌最適量化生產技術建構如水源消毒：以漂白水進行消毒，以魚溶漿作為營養鹽，每日定時監測水體中之ORP與pH值變化，進行水體擾動，經培養約7~8天可採收，每次採收量為總量的1/2，維持光合菌持續生產的效能並且應用於午仔魚之水質環境管理。

This thesis aimed to construct a standard operating procedure for scale-up cultivation of photosynthetic complex bacteria in an open environment and apply for the envirnoment management of Eleutheronema tetradactylum (fourfinger threadfin) industry.
We detected the pH and Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP) to monitor the cultural process of the photosynthetic complex bacteria. Once the nutrients (fish soluble) dissoved in the water, the pH would decrease instantly; afterward, the pH increases with the increase of incubation time. In contrast, a drastic decrease of ORP was observed after inoculation of photosynthetic complex bacteria; moreover, the ORP further decreased (below -400 mV) with increase of incubation time. First, the water source for cultivating photosynthetic complex bacteria was sanitized, and there were significant differences in the use of 400 ppm bleach treatment and control groups, which could effectively inhibit the Vibrio. After that, discuss the effect of the supplemental dosage of fish soluble on the growth of photosynthetic complex bacteria, the culture period of photosynthetic complex bacteria would gradually shorten with the increase of concertation of media, and it is recommended to add 1 kg of fish soluble as the nutrient per ton of water. Under the conditions of the cost and proliferation, 50% of the bacteria is the most suitable amount of inoculation. One of the important factor, 40 cm/second, was the best condition of agitation for micro-bacteria culture. Finally, adding the photosynthetic bacteria to the water quality of the cultural system of fourfinger threadfin had no significant change in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, and the concentration of nitrite in the water quality had a significant change with the amount of bacteria used. Treated more than 10 ppm of the photosynthetic bacteria could be reduced to less than 0.2 ppm of the concentration after one week.
This research had completed the construction of the most suitable quantitative production technology for photosynthetic complex bacteria. Water source was disinfected with bleach water, and then using fish soluble as the nutrient, daily regular monitoring of ORP and pH changes in the cultural system of the photosynthetic complex bacteria. Agitated and harvested for about 7 to 8 days after incubation, and the harvest volume is 1/2 of the total amount each time. Maintain the efficiency of the continuous production of photosynthetic bacteria and apply it to the water quality environmental management of the fourfinger threadfin.

摘要.....................................................II
Abstract................................................III
一、前言 ..................................................1
1.1、光合菌於水產養殖產業之應用..............................4
1.2、台灣水產養殖面臨問題...................................8
1.2.1、極端氣候對於水產養殖產業之損害........................8
1.2.2、水源環境汙染........................................10
1.2.3、池底環境惡化........................................11
1.2.4、養殖用藥使用不當與病原變異...........................11
1.3、四指馬鮁(午仔魚)......................................13
1.3.1、四指馬鮁生物學概論..................................13
1.3.2、午仔魚養殖產業概況..................................15
1.4、PH值與氧化還原電位....................................17
1.4.1、pH值...............................................17
1.4.2、氧化還原電位........................................18
1.5、影響微生物培養的因素...................................19
1.5.1、水源消毒............................................20
1.5.2、光合菌營養鹽之選擇...................................23
1.5.3、接種比例............................................25
1.5.4、水體擾動............................................26
二、材料與方法.............................................29
2.1、菌株來源.............................................29
2.1.1、置備Winogradsky 微生物管柱 (Winogradsky column).....29
2.1.2、製備光合複合菌......................................29
2.1.3、弧菌數測定..........................................30
2.1.4、pH檢測..............................................30
2.1.5、水中氧化還原電位檢測.................................31
2.1.6、水中氨氮濃度測試.....................................31
2.1.7、水中亞硝酸濃度測試...................................33
2.2、實驗一：建構光合複合菌標準培養流程......................34
2.2.1、水源處理試驗........................................34
2.2.2、營養鹽最適添加量試驗.................................35
2.2.3、光合複合菌接種比例試驗...............................35
2.2.4、光合複合菌培養槽之水體流速試驗........................36
2.3、實驗二：添加光合複合菌對午仔魚水質改善之測試.............37
2.3.1、不同濃度之光合複合菌對水質(氨氮、亞硝酸)改善測試.......37
2.3.2、不同濃度之光合複合菌對水質(氧化還原電位)改善測試.......37
2.4、統計方法..............................................37
2.5、實驗架構..............................................38
三、結果...................................................39
3.1、實驗一：建構光合複合菌培養標準流程試驗...................39
3.1.1、水源處理............................................39
3.1.2、營養鹽最適添加量試驗.................................40
3.1.3、光合複合菌接種比例...................................42
3.1.4、光合複合菌培養過程之水體流速試驗......................45
3.2、實驗二：添加光合菌對午仔魚水質改善之測試.................47
3.2.1、不同濃度之光合複合菌對水質(氨氮、亞硝酸)改善測試.......47
3.2.2、養殖池添加不同光合菌濃度之氧化還原電位變化.............48
四、討論...................................................49
4.1、實驗一：建構光合複合菌培養標準流程試驗...................49
4.2、實驗二：添加光合複合菌對午仔魚水質改善之影響.............53
五、結論...................................................55
六、參考文獻...............................................57

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