臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水產養殖業中最主要成本因素不外乎為飼料，飼料中最為昂貴且佔比最重主要為蛋白質，亦是影響魚隻成長最為主要之因素。近年來隨著魚粉日漸上漲，目前水產飼料中以植物性原料取代魚粉已被認為是水產養殖業永續發展之關鍵。而大豆衍生物原料被認為是魚類蛋白質主要重要來源之一，時常用來取代水產飼料中魚粉之替代蛋白源。然而水產飼料中含有高含量植物性原料時，植物性原料中之抗營養因子會使其攝食率、成長率及飼料利用效率皆會大幅降低，若添加某些氨基酸，例如:甲硫胺酸、離胺酸或牛磺酸，則可增進植物性原料營養價值及誘引效果。珍珠龍膽之特點為成長快速、耐運輸、高抗病力、換肉率佳等優點，無疑對台灣石斑產業帶來一線希望。故本研究嘗試在不同比例之大豆蛋白取代量下添加牛磺酸，測試其添加後對珍珠龍膽之成長、攝食量、體組成及免疫反應之影響，並獲得珍珠龍膽之最適添加條件，增加其飼料商業生產競爭力。在臺灣石斑魚屬於高經濟價值之魚種，而臺灣早期石斑魚之養殖優勢為產業分工精細、地理環境氣候適宜及政府政策配合等，然而近年來中華人民共和國投入大量科學研究經費及人力成本，極力發展石斑魚之產業，除了養殖石斑魚種種類繁多之外，亦以珍珠龍膽為主力魚種，且邁向串連養殖之生產模式，目前人工養殖之產能已超過十萬公噸，遠遠超過臺灣的產能2萬5千公噸，臺灣石斑魚產業看似已失去國際競爭力，但事實並非如此，藉由增進飼料原料中植物性蛋白原之利用性，發展高育成率、低成本之珍珠龍膽養殖技術，儼然已成為延續臺灣石斑魚產業之重要議題。

In the field of aquaculture, feed represents the primary cost factor, with proteins being the most expensive and critical component. Proteins play a vital role in the growth of fish. Recently, the rising costs of fishmeal have led to a shift towards using plant-based materials as an alternative in aquaculture feeds, a move considered essential for the sustainable development of the industry. Soy-derived materials, in particular, have emerged as a significant source of protein for fish, frequently replacing fishmeal in feeds. However, feeds with a high content of plant-based materials can suffer from reduced intake, growth rates, and feed efficiency due to anti-nutritional factors present in these plant materials. The addition of certain amino acids, such as methionine, lysine, or taurine, can enhance the nutritional value and appeal of plant-based feeds.The Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) is notable for its rapid growth, high disease resistance, transport resilience, and efficient meat conversion rates, offering promising prospects for Taiwan's grouper industry. This study investigates the effects of adding varying proportions of taurine to soy protein-based feeds on the growth, feed intake, body composition, and immune response of the Pearl Grouper. The objective is to determine the optimal conditions for taurine supplementation, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of commercial feed production.In Taiwan, grouper species are highly valued for their economic significance. The early advantages of Taiwan's grouper farming included detailed industrial division, favorable geographic and climatic conditions, and supportive government policies. However, recent extensive investments in scientific research and human resources by the People's Republic of China have significantly advanced its grouper industry. With a variety of cultured species and a focus on the Pearl Grouper, China has adopted an integrated farming approach, surpassing Taiwan's production capacity, which stands at 25,000 tons compared to China's 100,000 tons. Despite this, Taiwan can still maintain its competitiveness in the global market by improving the utilization of plant-based proteins in feed and developing high-yield, low-cost farming techniques for the Pearl Grouper, which have become crucial for the sustainability of Taiwan's grouper industry.

摘要....................................i
Abstract................................iii
致謝....................................v
目錄....................................vi
表目錄.................................viii
圖目錄...................................ix
1. 前言……………………………………………………………….....…....1
1.1珍珠龍膽介紹………………………………………………………………..1
1.2珍珠龍膽其市場價值………………………………………………...2
1.3養殖漁業及飼料產業………………………………………………………..2
1.4水產配合飼料………………………………………………………………..3
1.5魚粉之價值……………………………………………………………….….3
1.6魚粉之節約…………………………………………………………………..4
1.7植物性蛋白之挑戰…………………………………………………………..5
1.8牛磺酸之性質………………………………………………………………..5
1.9甲硫胺酸之性質……………………………………………………………..7
1.10牛磺酸對於魚類生長之重要性……………………………………………7
1.11魚類呼吸爆活性(respiratory burst activity)意義........................8
1.12魚類溶菌酶活性(lysozyme activity)意義.................................9
1.13魚類超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)意義...........................................9
1.14魚類吞噬活性(phagocytic activity)意義.................................9
1.15實驗目的……………………………………………………………………10
2. 材料方法………………………………………………………………....11
2.1實驗之魚種…………………………………………………………………..11
2.2成長投餵實驗………………………………………………………………..11
2.3飼料組成及配製……………………………………………………………..13
2.4一般成份分析………………………………………………………………..16
2.4.1灰分(Ash)及水份(Moisture)之分析……………………………………….16
2.4.2粗脂肪(ether extract)分析………………………………………………….18
2.4.3粗蛋白(ether extract)分析………………………………………………….18
2.5血液免疫生化分析………………………………………………………...…19
2.5.1血液免疫生化分析之超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性測定……………….…19
2.5.2血液免疫生化分析之溶菌酶含量測定…………………………………....20
2.5.3血清蛋白質濃度定量……………………………………………………....21
2.5.4魚隻免疫分析之吞噬細胞活性(PA)…………………………………........21
2.5.5免疫分析之呼吸爆(O2-)…………………………………....……………...22
2.6創傷弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)攻毒實驗…………………………………….....23
3. 結果………………………………………………………………………........24
3.1成長表現…………………………………………………………………...…24
3.2創傷弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)攻毒實驗之表現.................25
4.討論................................................39
5.結論.............................................…......40
6.參考文獻...................................41

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