臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

具虛擬同步發電機之電池儲能系統因有平衡功率能力、提供轉動慣量與下垂控制特性等，使其在微電網中擁有傳統同步發電機的特性，大幅提升再生能源之穩定性與可靠性。
本論文發展兩種新型虛擬同步發電機之控制方法；所發展之虛擬同步發電機，其包含一三相全橋交流-直流電能轉換器與一電池組，可提供/吸收(放電/充電)實功進行頻率調整，同時由虛擬同步發電機提供/吸收(電容性/電感性)虛功進行電壓調整，並可提供電網轉動慣量與阻尼量。控制方法一為於微電網頻率超過59.65Hz-60.35Hz之範圍始啟動虛擬同步發電機進行補償，期使微電網之頻率控制於59.65Hz-60.35Hz間，而微電網之電壓控制於186V-192V間。控制方法二為虛擬同步發電機於頻率介於59.65-60.35Hz 間不進行補償，此為不動帶，可依照儲能系統之電池狀態(SOC)進行充電或放電；而超過59.65Hz-60.35Hz之範圍始由虛擬同步發電機提供/吸收(放電/充電)實功進行頻率調整，於微電網頻率變化達59.65 Hz以下與60.35Hz以上 (59.65-59.5Hz or 60.35-60.5Hz)需依照設定之斜率進行充電或放電，期使微電網之頻率控制於59.5Hz-60.5Hz間，而電壓控制於186V-192V間。為驗證所發展之新型虛擬同步發電機之可行性，本論文建立一電池儲能系統之雛型並進行電腦模擬與實測，模擬與實測結果證明其可達到預期之功能。

The battery energy storage system with the function of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has self-balancing ability, supplies rotational inertia and droop control characteristics.Hence, it has the characteristics of traditional synchronous generators. In the microgrid, the VSG can significantly improve the stability of renewable energy because it can adjust the frequency and voltage of the microgrid by absorbing/releaing real/reactive power to adjust the frequency and voltage amplitude.
This paper proposes two control methods for VSG. The VSG consists of a three-phase full-bridge AC-DC power converter and a battery set. VSG can adjust the frequency and voltage of the microgrid by absorbing/releaing real/reactive power to adjust the frequency and voltage amplitude. The control method 1 can compensate for the microgrid when the frwuqncy of the microgrid is out the range of 59.65Hz-60.35Hz. It is expected to adjust the frequency and voltage amplitude between 59.65Hz-60.35Hz and 186V-192V. In the control method 2, VSG does not work when the frequency of microgrid is in 59.65-60.35Hz. This can be regarded as a dead zone. In this frequency range, the battery set is charging or discharging depending on state of charge (SOC). When the frequency of the microgrid reaches 59.65 Hz and 60.35 Hz, VSG absorbs/releases real power according to the setting slope. It is expected to adjust the frequency and voltage amplitude between 59.5Hz-60.5Hz and 186V-192V. To verify the feasibility of the propoed control methods for VSG, this paper establishes a prototype of a battery energy storage system and performs computer simulation and experimental test. The simulation and tested results validate that it can achieve the expected function.

第一章、緒論
1.1 前言
1.2 研究動機與目的
1.3 論文摘要
第二章、儲能系統與電池
2.1 儲能系統之概況及技術
2.2 電池儲能及應用
2.3 電池充電技術
2.4 定電壓充電技術
2.5 定電流充電技術
第三章、同步發電機
3.1 勵磁調壓系統[29]
3.2 機械旋轉系統[29]
3.3 搖擺方程式[30,31]
第四章、新型虛擬同步發電機之控制方法
4.1 電路架構
4.1.1 三相三線式電能換器
4.1.2 虛擬同步發電機之微電網等效電路模型
4.1.3 P-f 下垂控制[32]
4.1.4 Q-U下垂控制[32]
4.2 三相系統與靜止座標系統之轉換[33]
4.2.1 靜止與同步座標系統之轉換[33]
4.3 具虛擬同步發電機併網型電池儲能系統PQ控制
4.3.1 虛擬同步發電機之Q-U控制
4.3.2 虛擬同步發電機輸出功率之慣性系統
4.4 虛擬同步發電機新型控制方法
4.4.1 虛擬同步發電機新型控制方法一
4.4.2 虛擬同步發電機新型控制方法二
第五章、電路模擬
5.1 電網頻率特性
5.1.1 虛擬同步發電機下垂係數模擬
5.1.2 虛擬同步發電機慣量模擬
5.1.3 虛擬同步發電機阻尼量模擬
5.1.4 虛擬同步發電機之新型控制方法模擬
5.2 Q-U控制補償之虛擬同步發電機模擬
5.2.1 電網電壓特性
第六章、 實驗結果
6.1 虛擬同步發電機之新型控制方法一實測結果
6.1.1 放電實驗
6.1.2 充電實驗
6.2 虛擬同步發電機新型控制方法二之實測結果
6.2.1 放電實驗
6.2.2 充電實驗
第七章 結論
7.1 總結
7.2 未來方向

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