中文部分
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內政部（2021，11月25日）．主要國家歷年平均餘命．取自https://www.moi.gov.tw/cl.aspx?n=4398
內政部戶政司（2021）．人口統計資料-年度縣市及全國統計資料．取自 https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346
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林慧美（2009）．住院病人對醫療預立指示知識、態度與行為意向之研究［未發表的碩士論文，台北市：國立臺灣大學護理學研究所］．華藝線上圖書館。
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洪珮淳（2018）．探討台灣地區老年人家庭關係和身體健康狀況與幸福感之相關研究［未發表的碩士論文，台北市：國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系］．華藝線上圖書館。洪櫻純（2012）．老人靈性健康的阻力與助力分析：成功老化觀點．生命教育研究，4（1），83-108。https://doi.org/10.6424/jle.201206.0083
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莊美幸、陳明正、復采蘋、謝明軒、劉嘉仁、翁林仲、黃勝堅（2020）．生命識能與哀傷教育．北市醫學雜誌，（預刊文章），1-6。https://doi.org/10.6200/tcmj.202012/pp.0007
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楊嘉玲（2012）．建立癌症病人預立醫療指示的行為準備度之預測模式［未發表的碩士論文，台北市：國立臺灣大學護理學研究所］．華藝線上圖書館。
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西文部分
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