臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討比較活塞鑄造廠內鋁合金熔解區及保溫爐區，兩區之區域和勞工個人於粉塵、金屬燻煙、PAHs以及VOCs暴露程度，並評估勞工長期暴露該兩區作業場所是否有達到健康危害風險的程度。
研究過程以高流量採樣幫浦連接可吸入性粉塵採樣器(IOM)與XAD-2、吸附劑實施8小時及1小時區域及個人採樣，進行兩區之可吸入性粉塵秤重分析、金屬燻煙濃度分析、氣固相PAHs定性分析及VOCs定量分析。研究結果顯示保溫爐區區域樣本中之可吸入性粉塵含量較熔解爐區高出將近一倍，而兩區勞工個人樣本吸入性粉塵濃度則無明顯差異。兩區域及勞工吸入之金屬燻煙濃度皆未超過我國法定標準值；兩區之PAHs定性分析結果皆顯示含有萘。兩區域及勞工暴露揮發性有機物成分皆相似，其中皆以甲苯濃度為最高，並發現兩區環境中含有致癌揮發性有機物─苯及萘，其區域樣本濃度高於個人樣本濃度。根據各項分析結果，最後採納健康風險評估方法，就兩區區域及個人樣本推估出的總致癌風險值結果顯示區域樣本及個人採樣推估皆於〖10〗^(-3)至〖10〗^(-4)之間，而總非致癌風險值除熔解區區域樣本危害指數大於1外，保溫爐區域樣本及兩區個人樣本危害指數皆低於1，故評估勞工長期暴露於該兩區作業場所仍可能有造成健康危害之風險存在，建議加強廠內通風換氣並做好個人防護措施，以降低勞工長期暴露各類有害污染物之健康危害風險。

This study aims to understand the health risks of occupational exposures to dust, metal fume, PAHs and VOCs in the aluminum alloy melting zone and holding furnace zone of a piston foundry. Area and personal inhalable dust samples were collected by IOM samplers and further analyzed for metal content using ICP-OES. Particle- and gas-phase PAHs were collected using IOM sampler and XAD-2 tube and analyzed using GC/MS. Area and personal VOCs were collected by Tenax tube and analysed using Thermal desorption-GC/MS. Results show that the levels of area inhalable dust in the holding furnace zone is nearly double that of the melting furnace zone, but there is no significant difference in the concentration of personal inhalable dust between two zones. The concentrations of metals in the two zones did not exceed the permissible exposure limits (PELs) of Taiwan. Naphthalene was found in the two zones. The levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) determined by area and personal sampling in the two zones are similar, with the highest concentration of toluene. Carcinogenic volatile organic compounds like benzene and naphthalene were found in two zone, and the concentration of the area samples was higher than that of the personal samples. The estimated total cancer risk of area samples and personal samples in the two zones are ranged from10-3 to 10-4. For non-carcinogenic risk, the hazard index estimated from area samples in melting zone is greater than 1, and the hazard index estimated from area samples in the holding furnace area and personal samples in the two zones are lower than 1. It is recommended to increase the ventilation and to use personal protective equipments in the factory to reduce the health hazard risks caused by long-term exposure to various harmful pollutants.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表 目 錄 vi
圖 目 錄 viii
第 1 章 緒論 1
1-1研究背景 1
1-2研究目的 2
第 2 章 文獻回顧 3
2-1活塞鑄造的沿革發展 3
2-2鋁合金活塞應用 4
2-3鋁合金活塞製程 4
2-4油性石墨潤滑劑(脫模劑)成份 10
2-5鋁合金活塞鑄造污染物對健康之危害 10
2-5-1粉塵之危害特性 10
2-5-2金屬燻煙之危害特性 13
2-5-4多環芳香烴(PAHs)之危害特性 18
2-5-5揮發性有機物(VOCs)之危害特性 21
2-6健康風險評估 24
第 3 章 研究方法 30
3-1研究架構 30
3-2研究對象 32
3-3採樣分析規劃 33
3-4可吸入性粉塵及金屬燻煙採樣分析 34
3-4-1採樣後可吸入性粉塵秤重 36
3-4-2 熱酸萃取 38
3-4-3 電感耦合電漿體放測光譜儀(ICP-OES) 39
3-5多環芳香烴(PAHs)採樣分析 40
3-5-1多環芳香烴(PAHs)萃取 43
3-5-2 淨化 43
3-5-3吹氮濃縮 44
3-5-4 氣相層析質譜儀(GC)分析 46
3-6揮發性有機物(VOCs)採樣分析 47
3-6-1 採樣樣品包裝 50
3-6-2氣相層析質譜儀(GC)連接ATD 350分析 50
第 4 章 結果與討論 52
4-1可吸入性粉塵濃度分析 52
4-2金屬燻煙濃度分析 55
4-3多環芳香烴(PAHs)定性分析 65
4-4 揮發性有機物(VOCs)濃度分析 65
4-5健康與風險評估結果 67
4-5-1 金屬燻煙及揮發性有機物致癌健康風險評估 81
4-5-2金屬燻煙及揮發性有機物非致癌健康風險評估 84
4-5-3金屬燻煙與揮發性有機物綜合健康風險評估 88
第 5 章 結論與建議 90
5-1結論 90
5-2建議 91
參考文獻 92
附錄一、脫模劑成份 96
附錄二、鋁合金物質安全資料表 97
附錄三、分析數據 98

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