臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

背景：
根據美國最新發布的2020全球空氣狀況，空氣污染造成全球總死亡人數風險影響的排名逐年提升，加上2020年新冠肺炎疫情的發生，公共衛生發展已成為全球矚目的焦點，其中，環境空氣中PM2.5及PM10暴露的影響引起醫療領域研究者和政府監管機構的關注，因為它涉及越來越多的不利健康影響，包括心血管疾病問題和肺癌。儘管臺灣地區工業快速發展導致空氣品質日益惡化，目前對空氣污染物與心血管疾病住院人數之間的關聯的研究很少，近幾年來，臺灣建立了全國性的空氣污染物監測站及全民健康保險資料庫，不斷的累積大量數據，因此，我們將以臺灣五大都會區為例，探討空氣品質在不同地區下，與缺血性心臟病每日住院人數的關係。

方法：
以2001年至2010年之全民健康保險研究資料庫承保抽樣歸人檔，依據國際疾病分類法第九版(ICD-9-CM)診斷碼，篩選出缺血性心臟病住院人數為研究對象，並使用2001與2010年間環保署空氣品質監測數據PM10及PM2.5之濃度資料，透過時間序列分析，控制住季節性波動和氣候因子的條件下，探究缺血性心臟病與空氣汙染物之相關性。

結果：
在控制各縣市的氣象變數及季節性波動後，實證結果發現五大都會區的空氣汙染物對於缺血性心臟病住院人數沒有顯著影響，儘管透過性別和年齡分層比較亦是如此，其中，氣象變數中降雨量及溫差對於缺血性心臟病的住院人數有顯著的關聯性。

結論：
相較於其他國家及地區，臺灣四季溫度適宜，沒有極端的氣候條件，因此，臺灣都會區都不存在顯著的影響，其他原因可歸咎於政府在針對空氣汙染的防制對策上有效率的實施，加上民眾做好個人保護，或許我我們應該著重在個人社經方面，或是區域性的空氣汙染源(如社區汙染源及室內煤油及燃油汙染源)。

Background:
According to the latest global air conditions released by the United States in 2020, air pollution has risen to the top of environmental concerns worldwide, air pollution moved up from the 5th to the 4th leading risk factor for death globally, In other words, the development of public health has become the focus of global attention. Among them, the impact of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in ambient air has attracted the attention of researchers in the medical field and government, because it involves more and more adverse health effects, including cardiovascular disease and lung cancer.

Although the rapid development of industry in Taiwan has led to the deteriorating air quality, there are a few studies to examine the relationship between air pollutants and the daily hospital admission with cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, Taiwan city has established a nationwide air pollutant monitoring station and a national health insurance database. Therefore, we explore the relationship between air quality in the five metropolitan areas of Taiwan and the number of daily hospitalizations for ischemic heart disease.

Methods and findings:
We identified hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease in 2001-2010 from the five metropolitan areas of Taiwanese people who received National Health Insurance, and used the air pollution PM10 and PM2.5 concentration data of the Environmental Protection Agency between 2001 and 2010, we examined the associations between air pollution and daily hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease using time-series econometric model models.

Result:
After controlling the meteorological variables and seasonal fluctuations in various counties and cities, the empirical results found that air pollutants in the five metropolitan areas have no significant impact on the number of hospitalized patients with ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions:
Compared with other countries and regions, Taiwan city has no extreme climatic conditions, therefore, the five metropolitan areas of Taiwan does not have a significant impact. Other reasons can be attributed to the effective implementation of the government’s prevention policy and the people’s personal protection, perhaps we should focus on personal socioeconomics, or regional air pollution sources (such as community pollution sources and indoor kerosene and fuel pollution sources).

第一章 緒論 6
第一節 研究動機 6
第二節 研究目的 9
第二章 文獻回顧 10
第三章 資料來源與變數說明 16
第一節 資料來源 16
第二節 變數說明 18
第四章 實證模型 21
第一節 前言 21
第二節 時間序列模型 21
第五章 實證結果 23
第一節 迴歸結果 23
第二節 討論 36
第六章 結論與未來方向 41
參考文獻 42
附錄 47

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