臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

據我國行政院公布的統計數據，民國110年雞蛋產量達每年83億顆，平均每日就會有約2300萬顆雞蛋被生產並運送。據文獻統計資料顯示，雞蛋生產過程中約2 ~5%的雞蛋將因薄殼、裂殼或破殼等原因而無法上架販售，我們稱這些蛋為格外蛋。目前格外蛋還是一項難以解決的問題，因此找出環保、高值化的處理方法成為重要課題。
本研究以厭氧產氫醱酵反應槽的出流液 (分別為產氫微菌叢, HMb和固氮微菌, NMb) 進行格外蛋的醱酵，以Gompertz方程式進行迴歸分析求得比產氣體潛勢及比產氣體率進行討論後找出醱酵效率最佳組別。再進行造粒將醱酵液 (Fermented Egg, FE) 製成粒狀材料GFE (Granulated FE) 後，焙燒GFE即能得到TGFE (Torrefied GFE)，以基本性質分析試驗檢測其肥分釋放率，最後就結果討論是否可稱為環境友善資材。
批次實驗結果呈現反應體積為800mL且S0/X0 =147.6及1476.3 g-COD/g-MLVSS時，NMb較HMb的比產氣潛勢數據分別高了10.9 %和64.6 %，這代表在實驗條件皆相同的情況下，NMb對基質皆呈現較高醱酵效率。因此以NMb進行後續實驗配置，最後發現以植種量 =0.0065 g；S0/X0 =4002.5 g-COD/g-MLVSS時之比產氫潛勢為醱酵效率相對較佳的組別，其中比產氫率高至117.5 mL/g-COD，是先前實驗組別最高值的2-3倍。
而在肥分釋放率的部分，GFE在24 hr釋放15 %以及6 ~9天釋放超過75 %，而TGFE則是會在24 hr前釋放38 ~62 %的肥分。這說明GFE原本就有接近緩釋肥的釋放特性，而焙燒後的TGFE釋放出15%肥分的時間較GFE的釋放時間提前與焙燒溫度與持溫時間的增加有相關性 (R2 =0.997)，因此我們推論焙燒過程會破壞GFE中的物質或是產生通道使得肥分容易被釋放。

Due to the reasons of cracked or broken shells, about 2 to 5% of the eggs will not be sold during the production process. To find a friendly and high-value treatment method has become an important issue that was because the extra eggs are still an open question needing to solve.
In this study, the functional microbiome (HMb and NMb) obtained from hydrogen production fermentation was used to ferment the extra eggs. Their biogas progress was performed with the Gompertz equation to harvest their gas production potential (P) and specific gas production rate (R) and to find the optimal fermenting conditions. The sample was subsequently made into granular material (GFE); and roasted to gain a so-called environmentally friendly material (tGFE).
The 800-mL batch experiment results show that hydrogen-producing potentials of NMb were greater that those of HMb about 10.9 and 64.6% while their S0/X0 =147.6 and 1476.3 g-COD/g-MLVSS, respectively. The following experiments were performed with NMb as seeds. The results show that the best condition could had a high specific hydrogen-producing potential of 117.5 mL/g-COD. This value was significantly 2-3 times greater than the former samples.
Regarding the samples of fertilizer release, there was a 15% of fertilizer was obtained at liquid after 24 hours. It also could release 75% of fertilizer after 9-day test. On the other hand, the time of start to release fertilizer of the tGFE was obviously earlier that of the GFE. The results could be reasoned that the roasting process would destroy the substances in GFE or create channels to make the fertilizer easy to be released.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 台灣雞蛋需求與問題 4
2.1.1 格外蛋議題的成因 5
2.1.2 格外蛋議題的解決辦法 7
2.2 自然界中的氮循環 8
2.2.1 微生物在氮循環中的角色 10
2.2.2 農業活動時土壤環境的氮循環 14
2.3 肥料發展進程 16
2.3.1 化學氮肥出現的原因 17
2.3.2 慣行農法下的資源浪費與汙染 18
2.3.3 生產緩釋肥的重要性 20
2.3.4 緩釋肥作為不同資材的實例 21
2.4 生產緩釋肥的方法 23
2.4.1 液體造粒的原理 23
2.4.2 進行熱處理的優劣分析 24
2.5 緩釋肥應用於水耕栽培的進展 24
2.5.1 水耕栽培在農業發展中的角色 25
2.5.2 介質有無對水耕栽培的重要性 26
2.5.3 緩釋肥投入水耕栽培的契機 28
2.6 小結 31
第三章 材料與方法 32
3.1 實驗流程圖 32
3.2 實驗材料 34
3.2.1 醱酵實驗用資材 34
3.2.2 造粒實驗用資材 40
3.3 實驗用器材以及分析儀器 41
3.3.1 批次實驗器材 41
3.3.2 檢測項目之分析方法與分析用儀器 44
3.3.3 數據分析方法以及軟體 49
3.4 實驗方法 51
3.4.1 格外蛋共醱酵實驗 51
3.4.2 醱酵液的固化與改性方法 54
第四章 結果與討論 58
4.1 微菌叢與格外蛋共醱酵之可行性分析 58
4.1.1 微菌叢與格外蛋共醱酵之反應性 59
4.1.2 不同功能性微菌叢對醱酵效率的影響 62
4.1.3 微菌叢添加量對醱酵效率的影響 68
4.1.4 碳源與微菌叢添加量對醱酵效率的影響 70
4.1.5 較佳實驗參數的醱酵效率 74
4.2 TGFE與GFE的性質差異 76
4.2.1 GFE的物化性質 77
4.2.2 燒製成TGFE的物理化學性質變化 79
4.2.3 燒製成TGFE的釋放模式變化 83
4.3 綜合討論 85
4.3.1 FE的特性及應用方向 85
4.3.2 GFE及TGFE的特性 86
第五章 結論與建議 89
5.1 結論 89
5.2 建議 90
第六章 參考文獻 91

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