臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在從事農業相關工作者中，圓鍬這項工具被廣泛普及的使用，不管是在鏟土、樹木種移植上皆有良好的成效，但使用時間一久，在力量相互傳導之下，對腰部、手腕、手肘造成負荷，久而久之在部位上產生彈性疲勞，因而衍生出後續的職業傷害，而圓鍬若是在不當的使用之下，可能會有變形、斷裂的風險，因此想藉由透過模擬分析下，改變圓鍬中管的材料性質，兼具輕量化、高強度，讓工作效率達到事半功倍的效果。
此次模擬分析採用三種材料，分別為鋁(Al)、不銹鋼(stainless steel)、碳纖維(Carbon fiber)，先以SolidWorks建置圓鍬模型後，匯入CAE有限元素軟體，三種材料分別設定好邊界條件、楊氏係數、網格等參數，通過模擬數值分析後，可得知三種材料的應力分布，有無超過最大降伏而導致永久變形，並預測評估潛在的問題和缺陷，並作出相應的設計和優化決策。
總體來說，不銹鋼（stainless steel）是一種合金材料，由鋼與其他金屬元素（如鉻、鎳、鈷等）合金化而成。這種合金的主要特點是具有優異的抗腐蝕性能，不銹鋼主要成分中的鉻能與氧氣反應形成一層致密的氧化鉻皮膜，可以阻隔外界環境對金屬的侵蝕和氧化作用。鋁是一種輕質金屬，相對密度較低，約為27g/cm3，使其成為輕量化應用的理想選擇，具抗腐蝕，高可塑性，而碳纖維則是一種高性能的纖維材料，具有極高的強度，且重量比鋁輕，約為其1/4的重量，相較前面兩者碳纖維具有優越的表現，因此，若要提高圓鍬性能及可靠性，若將中管用碳纖維材料取代或包覆，爾後農民在使用上亦可減輕負擔。

The round shovel is widely used among agricultural workers for various tasks such as digging soil and transplanting trees, proving to be highly effective. However, prolonged use of the tool can exert strain on the lower back, wrists, and elbows due to the transmission of force. Over time, this can lead to elastic fatigue and subsequent occupational injuries. Furthermore, improper use of the round shovel can pose risks such as deformation or breakage. Therefore, through simulation analysis, it is desired to modify the material properties of the handle in the round shovel to achieve both lightweight and high strength, ultimately improving work efficiency.
For this simulation analysis, three materials are considered: aluminum (Al), stainless steel, and carbon fiber. The round shovel model is first constructed using SolidWorks and then imported into a CAE finite element software. Each material is assigned with appropriate boundary conditions, Young's modulus, mesh parameters, and other relevant parameters. Through numerical analysis, stress distribution for each material can be obtained, evaluating whether the stress exceeds the maximum yield and causes permanent deformation. Potential issues and defects can be predicted and assessed, facilitating appropriate design and optimization decisions.
In general, stainless steel is an alloy material formed by alloying steel with other metallic elements such as chromium, nickel, and cobalt. The main characteristic of this alloy is its excellent corrosion resistance. The chromium content in stainless steel reacts with oxygen to form a dense chromium oxide film, which acts as a barrier against external corrosion and oxidation. Aluminum, on the other hand, is a lightweight metal with a relatively low density of approximately 2.7 g/cm³, making it an ideal choice for lightweight applications. It possesses corrosion resistance and high malleability. Carbon fiber, on the other hand, is a high-performance fiber material with extremely high strength and significantly lighter weight compared to aluminum, weighing approximately one-fourth of its weight. Carbon fiber exhibits superior performance compared to the previous two materials.
Therefore, to enhance the performance and reliability of the round shovel, replacing or coating the handle with carbon fiber material would be advantageous. This would also alleviate the burden on farmers during usage.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iv
目錄...v
表目錄...vii
圖目錄...viii
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 前言...1
1.2 研究動機與目的...1
第二章 文獻回顧...2
2.1 電腦輔助設計繪圖軟體...2
2.1.1 電腦輔助設計繪圖軟體應用層面...2
2.2 CAE有限元素分析...3
2.2.1 CAE工程模擬介紹...4
2.2.2 CAE工程模擬應用層面...5
2.3 複合材料介紹...5
2.3.1 碳纖維...8
2.3.2 碳纖維應用層面...9
2.4 單一材料介紹...9
2.4.1 鋁...9
2.4.2 鋁應用層面...10
2.5 材料性質...11
2.5.1 鋁之材料性質...12
2.5.2 碳纖維之材料性質...13
2.6 材料力學...13
2.6.1 應力、應變定義...14
2.6.2 楊氏模數...14
第三章 研究方法...16
3.1 機械材料性質建立...16
3.2 幾何模型建立...17
3.3 邊界條件建立...20
3.4 成品製作流程...22
第四章 結果與討論...28
4.1 圓鍬受應力模擬分析...28
4.1.1 碳纖維之受應力模擬分析...29
4.1.2 鋁之受應力模擬分析...32
4.1.3 鋼鐵之受應力模擬分析...35
4.2 網格...38
4.3 實際應用測試...39
第五章 結論...45
參考文獻...46
Extended Abstract...48

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