臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣西南海域之海床大多平坦，為我國沿近海漁民良好之作業漁場，因陸上未妥善管理，造成許多人為廢棄物流入大海，及海上作業人員亦將廢棄物直接傾倒入海中，對海洋環境及作業漁場造成破壞及汙染，也導致漁民作業時可能因廢棄物而造成漁具的損壞及漁獲物的損失。為瞭解台灣西南海域漁場受廢棄物影響之現況，本研究與當地底拖網漁船合作，於2019年5至10月共進行作業154網次，其中有4次因海洋廢棄物造成網具損壞。
本研究試驗捕撈重量總計為7264公斤，漁獲5217公斤，海洋廢棄物2047公斤，海洋廢棄物約佔30%左右。將作業之漁獲物分為魚類、頭足類及甲殼類，分析結果為魚類之CPUE在21~40m水層為最高，頭足類與甲殼類均在61~80m水層最高。海洋廢棄物分為塑膠、金屬、玻璃、漁業廢棄物、布類(含人身布品)、木頭及其他類，各種類以木頭及塑膠類為最多，金屬次之；塑膠DPUE在41~60m水層最高，漁業廢棄物與木頭在101~120m水層最高，金屬、玻璃、布類及其他在121~140m水層最高。
各水層捕獲種類數中魚類與甲殼類以101~120m水層為最高，頭足類以61~80m水層為最高。海洋廢棄物中塑膠在81~100m水層種類數較高，其中寶特瓶出現率最高，玻璃瓶出現率以101~120m水層最高，金屬、布類、漁業廢棄物及其他類均以121~140m水層種類數最高，木頭有水層越深出現率越高之趨勢。
利用單因子變異數分析，漁獲物與海洋廢棄物在各月份與各水層間均有顯著差異，事後檢定發現在7月份有較高之漁獲量及較低之廢棄物量；水層的部分在80m以淺有較高漁獲量及較低廢棄物量，在81m以深有較高之廢棄物量與較低之漁獲量。

The seabed in the southwestern waters of Taiwan is mostly flat, which is a good fishing ground for fishermen along the coast of our country. Due to the inadequate management on land, many man-made wastes flow into the sea, and marine operators also dump wastes directly into the sea. The damage and pollution caused by the operation of the fishing ground also leads to the damage of fishing gear and the loss of the catch due to the wastes caused by the fishermen. This study conducted 154 nets from May to October 2019, and 4 of which were damaged by marine debris.
The total weight of the experiment in this study is 7,264 kg, the catch is 5217 kg, and the marine debris is 2047 kg. That means the marine debris accounts for about 30%. The catch is divided into fish, cephalopods and crustaceans. The analysis result for CPUE of fish is the highest in the water layer of 21~40m, and for cephalopods and crustaceans are both high in the water depth of 61~80m. Marine waste is divided into plastic, metal, glass, fishery waste, cloth (including personal cloth products), wood and others. Wood and plastics are the most common, followed by metals; DPUE of plastic is highest in the water depth of 41~60m. Fishery waste and wood are the highest in the water depth of 101~120m, and metal, glass, cloth and others are the highest in the water depth of 121~140m.
The number of fish and crustaceans caught in each water layer is the highest at 101~120m, and the highest at 61~80m for cephalopods. Among marine wastes, the number of types of plastics is higher in the range of 81~100m. Among them, PET bottles have the highest occurrence rate, and the appearance rate of glass bottles is the highest in 101~120m. Metals, cloths, fishery wastes and others are all in the water depth of 121~140m. With the highest number, wood tends to have a higher occurrence rate with the deeper of the water layer.
Using single-factor analysis of variance, there are significant differences between the catches and marine debris in each month and each water layer. A post-mortem test found that there was a higher catch and a lower amount of waste in July. There are higher catches and lower waste in shallow areas of 80m, and higher waste and lower catches at depths of 81m.

摘要 I
Abstract III
謝辭 V
目錄 VII
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XIII
第一章　前言 1
一、研究背景 1
二、漁獲組成 2
三、海洋廢棄物 2
四、研究動機 3
五、研究目的 5
第二章　材料方法 7
一、實驗材料 7
二、實驗數據紀錄 7
三、資料分析 8
第三章 結果 13
一、漁獲物組成 13
二、不同月份與不同作業水層CPUE比較 15
三、各水層漁獲物之歧異度 16
四、各月份與各水層漁獲群聚結構分析 16
五、海洋廢棄物組成 17
六、不同月份與不同作業水層DPUE之比較 18
七、各水層海洋廢棄物之歧異度 19
八、各月份與各水層海洋廢棄物群聚結構分析 19
九、每一網次之漁獲重量與海洋廢棄物重量之相關連性 20
十、漁獲物之經緯度分布 21
十一、海洋廢棄物之經緯度分布 22
第四章 討論 25
一、海洋廢棄物之組成 25
二、各水層漁獲物與海洋廢棄物歧異度分析與出現率 25
三、海洋廢棄物分布之情況 27
四、台灣西南海域海洋廢棄物與國外海洋廢棄物之比較 27
五、國內與國外海底廢棄物之調查與移除 28
第五章 結論與建議 30
一、結論 30
二、建議 30
參考文獻 32
一、中文文獻 32
二、英文文獻 35
三、網路文獻 39
附表 40
附圖 65

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三、網路文獻
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