臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線感測網路(Wireless Sensor Network)由許多的感測節點所構成的系統，節點間透過無線訊號進行通訊，使得這些感測節點放置的位置獲得更多的可能性，佈署在不同場域的感測節點有各種不同的應用，例如環境資訊感測、動植物棲息地觀測、軍事武器追蹤、森林火災警報等等，上述的這些應用首先都要能夠知道位置所在，否則這些收集到的資料將沒有參考性，所以將目標節點定位是一個首要的目標。目前已有的研究中多數皆是以固定式的錨點搭配理想的數學的幾何計算的方式進行定位，較少人使用移動式的錨點來進行節點定位，這種方法可透過移動自由的特性，變更參考錨點的位置，靈活的決定參考點的位置所在可提升準確度，因此本文提出迭代式定位法下使用移動式錨點的路徑規劃演算法。
感測節點的能力與與續航力有限，想要對佈署區域內隨機散佈的感測節點進行定位，以地毯式搜索的方式不符合時間與能源的實際效益。因此本文提出了一個迭代式節點定位演算法，此方法不需要感測節點另外安裝硬體，並且能利用單一的移動錨點定位出場域中所有的未知位置的感測節點。
提出的方法移動錨點將會先前往佈署區域內的預設位置，將經過的感測節點資訊進行整理，進行分析統整，進而決定接下來前往的地點，如此一來便能在消耗最少資源的前提下，將場域內的感測節點定位完成。模擬的結果顯示，提出的錨點移動演算法比探索整個佈署區域的方法平均移動距離縮短33%~74%不等。

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a system composed of many sensor nodes, which can communicate with each other. The sensor nodes are deployed in different fields for various applications, such as environmental information sensing, plant and animal habitat observation, military weapon tracking, forest fire alarm, etc. All these applications need to know the locations of sensors. Most of the existing studies have used fixed anchor points with ideal mathematical calculations for localization, and fewer of them have used mobile anchor points for this purpose. So we propose a mobile anchor route scheduling algorithm for iterative positioning.
The capacity and power of the sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network are limited, and sensors will take a lot of time to locate their randomly deployed locations. Therefore, this thesis proposed a mobile anchor route scheduling algorithm for iterative node localization. Sensors do not require additional hardware with a single mobile anchor. The proposed method will first go to a pre-defined location in the deployment area. It collates the information of the visited sensor nodes, and decides the next location to visit for locating the sensor nodes in the field in the most efficient way.
The simulation results show that the proposed route scheduling algorithm can reduce the average movement distance by more than 33%~74% compared to the method of exploring the whole deployment area.

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………... i
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………... ii
誌謝 ………………………………………………………... iii
目錄 ………………………………………………………... iv
表目錄 ………………………………………………………... vi
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………... viii
符號說明 ………………………………………………………... x
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………... 1
1.1 研究背景……………………………………………... 1
1.2 研究動機……………………………………………... 1
1.3 研究目的……………………………………………... 2
1.4 論文架構……………………………………………... 2
第二章 相關研究與文獻探討………………………………... 3
第三章 研究方法………………………………………...…… 14
3.1 情境與前提假設……………………………………... 14
3.1.1 問題描述……………………………………………... 14
3.1.2 使用移動錨點定位的基礎…………………………... 15
3.2 Iterative Sensor node Positioning, ISP定位演算法….. 15
3.2.1 定位方法………………………………....................... 15
3.3 移動方法描述………………………………………... 19
3.3.1 SCAN移動演算法…………………………………... 19
3.3.2 Mobile Anchor Route Scheduling based on Iterative Positioning-SCAN, MARS-SCAN移動路徑演算法………………..…..................................................... 20
3.3.3 Mobile Anchor Route Scheduling based on Iterative Positioning-COVER, MARS-COVER移動路徑演算法……………………………………………………... 23
3.4 非理想環境無線訊號………………………………... 29
第四章 模擬與實驗…………………………………………... 31
4.1 模擬環境假設………………………………………... 31
4.2 環境參數……………………………………………... 31
4.3 定位方法模擬結果…………………………………... 33
4.3.1 感測節點數量的影響………………………………... 33
4.3.2 通訊範圍的影響……………………………………... 37
4.3.3 限制移動距離對定位數量的影響………………....... 41
4.3.4 節點佈署群聚特性對移動距離的影響……………... 43
4.3.4.1 節點叢集狀分佈……………………………………... 43
4.3.4.2 節點稀疏狀分佈……………………………………... 45
4.3.5 誤差係數對定位面積大小的影響…………………... 47
4.3.6 透過鄰居資訊完成定位的比例…………………….. 48
4.3.7 佈署區域形狀的影響……………………………….. 52
4.3.7.1 圓形…………………………………………………... 52
4.3.7.2 六邊形………………………………………………... 55
第五章 結論………………………………...………………… 60
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………….. 61
Extended Abstract ……………………………………………………….. 64

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