臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

一般在，傳統飛機維修流程中，須將飛機接上特殊電纜，並連接至專用電腦下載飛行資料，過程不但繁瑣且需消耗大量時間以及人力，傳輸資料需要加密，同時也要滿足多種機件單元資料的儲存與分析。另外，在測試時飛機需要開啟引擎，外露的線束有可能會被噴射引擎吸入造成飛機及維修人員的安危。

因此，本研究以現場可程式閘陣列(Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)來實現該環控系統紀錄器之紀錄、儲存與傳輸之功能，並蒐集布建於不同飛機位置的飛行擷取數據單元(Flight-Data Acquisition Unit,FDAU)、結構資料擷取單元(Structure Data Acquisition Unit,SDAU)、雜項數據擷取單元(Miscellaneous Data Acquisition Unit,MDAU)和遠端放大單元(Remote Amplifier Unit,RAU)等單元飛行時的感測資料或控制命令。透過飛機專用的ARINC 429協定與MIL-STD-1553B匯流排通訊傳輸至環境控制系統紀錄器上，當環控紀錄器收到資料後，會將即時時脈(Real-Time Clock,RTC)和資料紀錄在快閃記憶體中。

在本研究中，運用STM32F407微處理器來實現地面支援裝備(Ground Support Equipment,GSE)。當飛機落地後，即等待GSE下達AT命令。當GSE下達要求資料的AT命令後，環控紀錄器透過UART將儲存在Flash的資料傳至CC3220S Wi-Fi MCU，並經過AES256加密協定加密後傳至GSE。緊接著，藉由GSE端的MT7681 Wi-Fi模組接收資料，並且由STM32F407微處理器進行解密及儲存資料。

最後，結合上述提出功能，不僅能夠解決傳統維修人員花費大量時間在實體接線上，也避免了維修人員在維修時必需帶著耳罩及護具在發動中的飛機旁工作所帶來的危險。同時，維修人員也可以在隔音的實時監控室進行Wi-Fi遠端操作。如此一來，不僅能提升工作效率，也能保障維修人員的安全。

Generally, in the traditional aircraft maintenance process, the aircraft must be connected to a special cable and connected to a dedicated computer to download flight data. The process is not only cumbersome, but also consumes a lot of time and manpower. Data storage and analysis. In addition, the aircraft needs to turn on the engine during the test, and the exposed wiring harness may be sucked by the jet engine, causing the safety of the aircraft and maintenance personnel.

Therefore, this research uses Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) to realize the functions of recording, storage and transmission of the environmental control system recorder, and collects the flight capture data units ( Flight-Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU), Structure Data Acquisition Unit (SDAU), Miscellaneous Data Acquisition Unit (MDAU), and Remote Amplifier Unit (RAU) Sensing data or control commands during flight. Through the aircraft-specific ARINC 429 protocol and MIL-STD-1553B bus communication, it is transmitted to the environmental control system recorder. When the environmental control recorder receives the data, it will real-time clock (Real-Time Clock, RTC) and data Recorded in flash memory.

In this research, the STM32F407 microprocessor is used to realize the Ground Support Equipment (GSE). When the plane lands, wait for the GSE to issue an AT command. When the GSE issues the AT command requesting data, the environmental control recorder transmits the data stored in the Flash to the CC3220S Wi-Fi MCU through the UART, and transmits it to the GSE after being encrypted by the AES256 encryption protocol. Next, the data is received by the MT7681 Wi-Fi module on the GSE side, and decrypted and stored by the STM32F407 microprocessor.

Finally, combined with the above proposed functions, it can not only solve the problem that traditional maintenance personnel spend a lot of time on physical wiring, but also avoid the danger caused by maintenance personnel having to wear earmuffs and protective gear to work beside the running aircraft during maintenance. At the same time, maintenance personnel can also perform Wi-Fi remote operation in the soundproof real-time monitoring room. This not only improves work efficiency, but also ensures the safety of maintenance personnel.

摘要...................................i
Abstract...............................iii
誌謝...................................v
目錄...................................vi
表目錄.................................viii
圖目錄.................................ix
第一章 緒論...........................1
1.1 研究背景...........................1
1.2 研究目的...........................2
1.3 國內外相關之研究情況................3
1.4 論文章節概述........................3
第二章 系統原理........................5
2.1 FPGA概念............................5
2.1.1 FPGA架構............................5
2.1.2 Nios II處理器核心............................6
2.2 ARINC 429通訊協定............................7
2.2.1 ARINC 429概念............................7
2.2.2 ARINC 429工作原理............................7
2.3 MIL-STD-1553B特性與原理............................8
2.3.1 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排架構............................9
2.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排工作原理............................10
2.3.3 MIL-STD-1553B傳輸類型............................12
2.4 進階加密標準AES............................14
2.4.1 進階加密標準(AES)介紹............................14
2.4.2 階加密標準(AES)演算法說明............................15
2.5 USB 1553設備簡介............................15
第三章 系統設計............................16
3.1 系統架構............................16
3.2 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排硬體............................17
3.3 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組............................19
3.3.1 Arria V 5AGXMA3D4F27I3............................20
3.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組硬體設計............................20
3.3.3 HI-2579元件............................22
3.3.4 LTC2351-14元件............................23
3.3.5 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組之FPGA設計............................24
3.4 MIL-STD-1553B與ARINC 429閘道器模組............................25
3.4.1 HI-3718元件............................26
3.4.2 MIL-STD-1553B與ARINC 429閘道器模組之FPGA設計............................27
3.5 IOT環控紀錄器設計............................28
3.5.1 Cyclone V E Base............................29
3.5.2 IoT環控系統紀錄器硬體設計............................29
3.5.3 HI-8588元件............................30
3.5.4 F-RAM元件............................31
3.5.5 NAND Flash元件............................32
3.5.6 DS3231元件............................33
3.5.7 IoT環控系統紀錄器之FPGA設計............................34
3.6 無線下載電控單元............................35
3.6.1 IoT環控紀錄器端SimpleLink™ Wi-Fi® Wireless MCU CC3220S.....36
3.6.2 地面支援裝備端Wi-Fi元件............................38
3.6.3 無線下載電控單元韌體設計............................39
3.7 地面支援裝備設計............................40
3.7.1 STM32F407ZGT6............................40
3.7.2 LCD元件............................42
3.7.3 SRAM元件............................43
第四章 系統測試與驗證............................44
4.1 SPI通訊協定驗證............................47
4.2 ARINC 429通訊協定驗證............................49
4.2.1 USB 429裝備............................49
4.2.2 訊息傳輸驗證............................49
4.2.3 訊息接收驗證............................50
4.3 MIL-STD-1553B匯流排模組驗證............................51
4.3.1 MIL-STD-1553B類比資料擷取模組測試............................51
4.3.2 MIL-STD-1553B與ARINC 429閘道器模組測試............................54
4.4 IOT環控系統紀錄器測試 ............................56
4.4.1 FM25V20(F-RAM)初始化驗證............................56
4.4.2 MT29F2G01ABAGDWB(Flash)初始化驗證............................57
4.4.3 F-RAM與Flash資料交互驗證............................59
4.4.4 ARINC 429訊息接收驗證............................60
4.5 無線下載電控單元測試............................62
4.5.1 Wi-Fi連線與TCP傳輸驗證............................63
4.5.2 GSE與ECS資料間驗證比對............................63
4.5.3 無線下載電控單元資料傳輸速率測試結果............................67
第五章 結論與未來展望............................69
5.1 結論............................69
5.2 未來展望............................69
參考文獻 ............................70
Extended Abstract............................73

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