農產品生質廢棄部分，常佔總植株95%以上。如何將農廢循環並作有效應用，是全球性問題。此外，全球糧食需求日增，導致種植所需化肥使用量逐年攀升，但長期施用化肥易導致土壤酸化、結構變異、微生物量與族群改變及作物養分不易吸收等種植上問題。相關農廢中，果樹種植所修剪出的廢棄枝條，如在空地燃燒會造成空氣污染、如在農地堆置會變成農民種植障礙，需能有更合宜的問題解決方法。為此，本研究擬利用果樹枝條經破碎悶燒所製成生物炭與煙霧冷凝液，用於新型有機肥研製，並完成下列三項目的，包括: 研究新型有機肥材料中養分的吸脫附量，利用農廢所生產之生物炭及煙霧冷凝流，研製新型有機肥料，及以研制新型有機肥，測栽培作物生長情形。其它也將針對有機質肥料營養鹽成份與其釋放及吸附特性、生物炭與煙霧冷凝液添加效益、使用因子實驗組，並分析營養鹽、抑菌及現地種植數據等，進行研究測試。
研究結論如下：(1)燒製每公斤廢棄棗枝的生物炭產率為500 g、可產冷凝液100 mL。所燒製生物炭pH為7.9，每克可吸附氮2.88 mg; 另所產出的SCL含Phenol, 2-methoxy-、Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-、2-Methoxy-5-methylphenol等揮發性抑菌有機物具，其中以含量5%的SCL稀釋液，其抑菌效果較75%酒精高出1.5倍; (2)23全因子實驗顯示，添加生物炭會提高水中鉀和磷濃度，添加肥料會增加水中氮和總菌落數量，另添加SCL則會增加水中氮量，但減少菌落數量。此外，有機質肥料及生物炭添加，對鉀元素無吸附能力，有機質肥料則會吸附磷1.22 mg-P/g，生物炭吸附氮2.88 mg-N/g，故兩材料間具有互補性; (3)最適循環型有機肥配方如下: 有機質肥料及生物炭重量比為5：1，且每公斤有機肥中加入30.25 mL的SCL原液，可抑制肥料中菌量生長。此外，該有機肥，在兩日內水中釋放氮磷比可維持在1:1，且其兩天總釋放量分別為0.33 mg-N/g-2day及0.32 mg-P/g-2day。最後，現地種植結果發現，添加有機質肥料土壤能降低其結皮效應，並抑制植株周圍雜草生長。另，種植30 day後，萵苣存活率CF組 (100%) > OF=MOF組 (90%) > Blank組(75%)，平均單株萵苣鮮重為CF組 (3.88 g) > OF組 (3.50 g) > MOF組 (2.94 g) > Blank組 (2.12 g); 種植40 day後的香葉萬壽菊其存活率為OF組= MOF組(83%) > Blank組 (50%) > CF組(17%)，另於植物主莖直徑較空白組的增量方面MOF組 (1.1 mm) > OF組 (0.9 mm) > CF組 (-0.3 mm)，植株抽高長度為CF組 (13.5 cm) > MOF組( 5.2 cm) > OF組 ( 3.8 cm) > Blank組(3.5 cm)。

Wasted, un-usable grown plants often account for more than 95% of the whole plant. How to effectly recycle and reuse the un-used portion of these agro-wastes is considered a global problem. Besides, the growing demand on food worldwide leads to annual increase on chemical fertilizers; however, the long-term application of chemical fertilizers has many adversary planting problems, such as soil acidification, soil texture variation, change of microbial amount and populations and less absorption of nutrients. Among the commonly-seen agro-wastes, trimmed fruit tree branches, if burned often results in air pollution, if piled up in farmLand often becomes obstacle to farmers, and needs to be further properly processed. Thus, this study aimed to use the biochar and smoke condensed liquid made out of the trimmed fruit tree branches to manufacture a novel and circular organo-fertilizer and accomplish the following objectives: (1) to study the desorption of nutrients from various materials used in making the novel organo-fertilizer, (2) to supplement the useful ingredients from agro-waste needed in an organo-fertilizer, and (3) to determine the standard procedure of making various novel organo-fertilizers according to the cultivated plant in the field planting tests. Others like determining the nutrients in a commercial organo-fertilizer and their sorption and desorption characteristics, advantages of using biochar and smoke condensed liquid, use of factorial experiments and analyses of nutrients, amount of microbes and field test results were to be studied.
Several conclusions were obtained through this study including: (1) About 500 grams of biochar and 100 mL of SCL were produced per kilogram of date branches. The biochar pH was basic (~8) and adsorbed 2.88 mg of N per gram of the biochar; The SCL contained phenolic bactericides, and had 1.5 times higher effectiveness than 75% alcohol if 5% SCL liquid employed. (2) From the factorial experimental results, addition of biochar raised liquid K and P concentrations, addition of fertilizer raised liquid N and microbial population, yet addition of biochar and fertilizer adsorbed minimal K. However, adding fertilizer adsorbed 1.22 mg-P/g, and adding biochar adsorbed 2.88 mg-N/g. Thus, mixing biochar and OF appeared beneficial in terms of nutrients adsorption. Further more, addition of SCL could inhibit microbial growth and increased liquid N by 2.5 mg-N/L. (3) The recipe of the most applicable circular OF included: OF/biochar ratio= 5/1, adding 30.25 mL SCL per kilogram of OF. By do so, the N/P ratio maintained at 1 for the first two days, and released N and P equaled 0.33 and 0.32 mg in the first two days. And (4) The field test results showed: for lettuce after 30 days of planting, the survival rate: CF (100%) > OF=MOF (90%) > Blank (75%), and fresh weight: CF (3.88 g) > OF (3.50 g) > MOF (2.94 g) > Blank (2.12 g); for marigold after 40 days of planting, the survival rate: OF=MOF (83%) > Blank (50%) > CF (17%), the stem diameter with respect to the Blank ones: MOF (1.1 mm) > OF (0.9 mm) > CF (-0.3 mm), and the height: CF (13.5 cm) > MOF (5.2 cm) >OF (3.8 cm) >Blank (3.5 cm).

目錄
致謝 IV
摘要 V
Abstract VII
符號對照表 IX
目錄 X
表目錄 XIII
圖目錄 XV
第一章 研究緣起與目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 肥料管制法規與特性 3
2.1.1 現行法規及標準 3
2.1.2 化肥與有機肥比較 4
2.1.3 有機肥其特性與使用時機 8
2.2 生物炭特性及其應用 11
2.2.1 冷凝液特性及其應用 12
2.3 植物生長與施肥 15
2.3.1 萵苣特性及種植條件說明 17
2.3.2 芳香萬壽菊介紹及種植條件說明 17
2.4 因子實驗設計 19
第三章 研究材料與方法 21
3.1 研究架構與流程 21
3.2 實驗設備 22
3.2.1 總碳分析儀(TOC) 22
3.2.2 離心機 22
3.2.3 紫外/可見光分光光譜儀 23
3.2.4 感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜儀(ICP-AFS) 24
3.2.5 凱氏氮蒸餾裝置 25
3.2.6 氣相層析儀(GC-MS) 26
3.2.7 其他相關儀器 27
3.3 分析方法 28
3.3.1 有機質檢測 28
3.3.2 pH值檢測 29
3.3.3 抑制總菌落檢測 29
3.3.4 樣本重金屬檢測-王水消化法 30
3.3.5 凱氏氮靛酚比色法銨氮檢測 31
3.3.6 總菌落數檢測(液體/固體) 32
3.4 實驗藥品及材料 33
3.4.1 實驗藥品 33
3.4.2 碳、氮、磷、鉀及重金屬分析藥品 34
3.4.3 生物炭及冷凝液製備 36
3.4.4 有機質肥料及無機肥料 37
3.5 養分釋放試驗 38
3.5.1 肥料、生物炭及冷凝液養分釋放因子實驗設計 38
3.5.2 釋放率試驗 39
3.5.3 肥料、生物炭吸附實驗設計 39
3.6 最適有機肥成份組合測試 40
3.6.1 最適有機肥及生物炭組合試驗 40
3.6.2 肥料、SCL抑菌測試 42
3.7 現地種植測試 43
3.8 實驗分析及品質管制 46
3.8.1 檢量線建立 46
3.8.2 材料三重複測試 47
第四章 結果與討論 50
4.1 實驗材料試驗 50
4.1.1 營養鹽成分及pH值 50
4.1.2 生物炭水中營養鹽釋放 51
4.1.3 有機肥水中營養鹽釋放 52
4.1.4 煙霧冷凝液GC-MS有機成分分析 53
4.2 因子實驗 55
4.3 生物炭、有機質肥料試驗 61
4.3.1 生物炭及有機質肥對水中營養鹽吸附性試驗 61
4.3.2 最適有機肥及生物炭批次實驗 63
4.4 SCL、有機質肥試驗結果 67
4.4.1 SCL抑制肥料菌圈 67
4.4.2 SCL填入有機質肥料總菌落數 68
4.4.3 SCL填入有機質肥料總暴露環境中抑制時效性 69
4.5 現地種植 70
4.5.1 萵苣種植結果 70
4.5.2 芳香萬壽菊種植結果 75
第五章 結論 79
5.1 建議 80
5.2 工程應用性 81
參考文獻 82
附錄 A 原始數據 88

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