西方許多國家的監管機構，在2002年陸續爆發安隆案等財務醜聞，以及2008年金融危機之後，開始進行一系列的審計改革；我國主管機關為呼應這波改革浪潮，依據國際審計準則ISA700修訂相關審計準則公報，明訂要求審計人員對股票上市櫃公司之查核報告標註溝通關鍵查核事項（Key Audit Matter），並參閱ISA701增訂審計準則公報第58號，希望可以透過會計師之專業在新式報告模式中，進一步將財務報告附註揭露與重大事項做連結，並說明審計程序及財報存在之風險，提供攸關、透明的資訊，以提升查核報告之溝通價值。新、舊式查核報告最大差異就是增加了關鍵查核事項之溝通，除了提升財務報表資訊透明度與價值外，企業管理者對於財務報表的揭露重視度也相對提高；另外，財務報表使用者也可以透過該事項之揭露得到關鍵有利的資訊。此專題之研究內容主要以2016-2018年台灣股票上市櫃公司之資料作為研究目標，運用Kothari et al. (2005) 之計算模型作為本研究的衡量基礎，進一步探討關鍵查核事項(KAM)所揭露之事項重複出現對抑制企業盈餘管理的效果。實證結果顯示會計師對台灣股票公開發行公司所出具的查核財報中，重複揭露相同關鍵查核事項KAM可有效並顯著抑制管理當局進行盈餘管理之行為，及增加盈餘資訊的透明度，有助於提升審計品質，給予財務報告使用者一份高資訊價值的查核報告。

Regulatory agencies in many western countries have successively broke the financial scandals such as the Enron case in 2002, and after the financial crisis in 2008, they began to enter a series of audit reforms. In order to respond to this wave of reforms, ROC’s competent authorities have revised them in accordance with international standards of auditing, No.700 (ISA 700).With ISA700 it clearly require auditors to mark key audit matters (Key Audit Matter) in the audit report of stock public-listed companies, and with ISA 701, it updated Statement of Auditing Standard No.58 (SAS No.58), hoping that they can report the professionalism of accountants in the new audit form, the disclosure of financial report notes to the significant financial issues, and the risks of audit procedures and financial reports explained, and relevant and transparent information is provided to enhance the communication value of the audit report. In addition to improving the transparency and value of financial statement information, corporate managers also pay more attention to the disclosure of financial statements. In addition, financial statement users can also use this The research content of this topic is mainly based on the data of Taiwanese stock listed counter companies from 2016 to 2018, The empirical results show that the accountant's repeated disclosure of the same KAM in the audit report issued can effectively and significantly inhibit the management authority's earnings management behavior, and increase the transparency of earnings information, which can help improve audit quality, To give users of financial reports a audit report with high information value.

目錄

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
謝誌 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 v
表目錄 vi
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機、背景 1
第二節 研究目的 4
第三節 研究架構及流程 5
第二章 文獻探討與回顧 8
第一節 審計準則第58號公報對KAM之規定 8
第二節 文獻研究 10
第三節 研究假說 15
第三章 研究方法 19
第一節 研究模型 19
第二節 變數定義與衡量 22
第三節 研究期間與資料來源 27
第四章 實證結果與分析 29
第一節 敘述性統計 29
第二節 相關係數分析 31
第三節 迴歸分析 34
第四節 敏感性測試 38
第五章 結論與建議 41
第一節 研究結論 41
第二節 研究限制與建議 43
中文參考文獻 44
英文參考文獻 47

中文參考文獻
台灣經濟新報 JET，關鍵查核事項(KAM)
金融監督管理委員會，2017，投資人閱讀公開發行公司105年度財務報告注意重點，證券期貨局。
金融監督管理委員會，2020，法規及準則，證券期貨局。
金融監督管理委員會，2017，金管會提醒上市及上櫃公司及早因應新式查核報告之適用，與會計師加強溝通，證券期貨局。
金融監督管理委員會，2016，金管會提醒公開發行公司即早因應審計準則公報第57號「財務報表查核報告」之適用，證券期貨局。
曾依婷，2019，關鍵查核事項數量、分類與審計品質之關聯性，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。
林佳慶，2019，關鍵查核事項、財務附註揭露與企業盈餘管理之關聯性，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。
林怡貝，2019，關鍵查核事項之數量對企業價值之增額攸關性，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。
吳沛霖，2019，關鍵查核事項對審計公費、查核報告時間落差之影響，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。
王月霜，2019，會計師產業專精及查核經驗對關鍵查核事項之影響，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。
白紫璇，2018，會計師查核報告中關鍵查核事對市場之影響，國立中興大學，碩士論文。
陳穗婷、陳計良、陳虹吟新式查核報告對財務報表資訊揭露之影響，中原企管評論，第十七卷第一期，頁59-82。
戚務君、王貞靜、黃隆建，2010，實質盈餘管理行為之研究，2010會計理論與實務研討會論文集2010年12月，頁1135-1160。
林嬋娟、洪櫻芬，薛敏正，1997，探討財務困難公司之盈餘管理，管理學報，第十四卷第一期，頁15-38。
陳羿妏，2002，業績衰退上櫃公司之盈餘管理研究，國立成功大學，未出版碩士論文。
謝宛庭，2006，台灣財務危機公司之預測與其盈餘管理行為，國立成功大學，未出版碩士論文。
李建然，2017，審計學，東華書局出版一版，頁80-81。
金管會，2017，上市(櫃)公司105年財務報告採用新式查核報告情形，證期局。
戚務君，2018，關鍵查核事項，107年度國立高雄科技大學教師實務增能深度研習演講稿。
張瑞當，2018，審計研究之趨勢分析，107年度國立高雄科技大學教師實務增能深度研習演講稿。
王海舟，2018，實施新式查核報告對審計品質及查核成本之影響，臺灣大學，碩士論文。
林育辰，2018，盈餘管理及修正式審計意見：第58號審計準則公報「查核報告中關鍵查核事項之溝通」實施後之影響，中興大學，碩士論文。
范睿勝，2018，關鍵查核事項與裁決性應計項之關聯性，東華大學，碩士論文。
陳姿妤，2018，關鍵查核事項與審計品質，審計成本之關聯性，臺灣大學，碩士論文。
呂琍盈，2018，新式查核報告關鍵查核事項之市場反應研究，淡江九學，碩士論文。
朱博湧、林裕淩、林峻宇，2015，「獨立董事組成、資訊透明度與組織績效以2008 全球金融風暴為例」，評價學報，第9期，頁1-20。
張幸惠，2018，「盈餘管理與公司治理關聯性：以中國銀行業為例」，會計審計論叢，第8卷1期，頁49-80。
陳瑞斌、許崇源，2007，「公司治理結構與資訊揭露之關聯性研究」，交大管理學報，第27卷2期，頁55-109。
黃劭彥、王登仕、張森河、蔡欣儒，2015，「虧損公司董監事自肥與盈餘管理」，證券市場發展季刊，第27卷2期，頁59-98。
劉毅馨、陳盈均、劉倢君、謝惠如、曹雅淳、葉芸孜、林宛瑩、陳委琮，2018，「董事會特性是否抑制盈餘管理行為－以淨值門檻為例」，美和學報，第36卷2期，頁15-34。
蘇裕惠，2004，「內部稽核如何協助獨立董監事制度發揮公司治理功能」，內部稽核，第49期，頁28-35。 
英文參考文獻
Aboody, D., and R. Kasznik. 2000 CEO stodk option awards and the timing of corporate voluntary disclosures. Journal of Accounting and Economics 29 (1):73-100.
Backof, Ann G. and Bowlin, Kendall O. and Goodson, Brian Matthew, (Posted2014，ast revised 2018)，The Importance of Clarification of Auditors’Responsibilities Under the New Audit Reporting Standards. Available at SSRN:https://ssrn.com/abstract=2446057, 1-42.
Backof, A., Bowlin, K., Goodson, B., 2016, The Impact of Proposed Changes to the Content of the Audit Report on Jurors Assessments of Auditor Negligence. Working Paper.
Becker, C. L., DeFond, M. L., Jiambalvo, J., Subramanyam, K. R., 1998, The Effectof Audit Quality on Earnings Management, Contemporary Accounting Research,15(1): 1-24.
Berle. A., and G. C. Means 1932. The Modern Corporation and Private Property. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Block, S. B., and Gallagher, T. J. ,1986, The use of interest rate futures and options by corporate financial managers. Financial Management, 15(3), 73-78.
Bowen, R. M., S. Rajgopal, and M. Venkatachalam. 2008. Accounting discretion, corporate governance, and firm performance. Contemporary Accounting Research 25 (2): 351-405.
BDO. 2013a. Comment letter on FRC revision to ISA (UK and Ireland) 700: Requiring the auditors report to address risks of material misstatement, materiality and a summary of audit scope.
Brasel, K., M. Doxey, J. Grenier, and A. Reffett. 2016. Risk disclosure preceding negative outcomes: The effects of reporting critical audit matters on judgments of auditor lia405bility. The Accounting Review 91 (5): 1345-1362.
Burgstahler, D. and I. Dichev, 1997, "Earnings Management to Avoid EarningsDecrease and Losses", Journal of Accounting and Economics 24 (1): 99-126.
Beasley, M. S., 1996, An Empirical Analysis of the Relation Between the Board of Director.
Brown, T., Majors, T. M., Peecher, M. E., 2014, The Impact of a Higher Intent Standard on Auditors' Legal Exposure and the Moderating Role of Jurors' Legal Knowledge. Workingpaper, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and niversity of Southern California. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2483221. Composition and Financial Statement Fraud, Accounting Review, 71: 443-465.
Christensen, B., Glover, S., and Wolfe, C. (2014, November). Do Critical Audit Matter Paragraphs in the Audit Report Change Nonprofessional Investors' Decision to Invest? Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory, 33 (4), 71-93.
Cordos, G.S., Fulopa, M 2015. Accounting and Management Information Systems; Buchanest Vol, 14, 1:128-152.
Carcello, J. V., Harrison, N. J., Sauter, G., Yerger, A., 2011, Improving the Auditor's Report.
Cates, T. 2013. KPMG UK Comment Letter on FRC Revision to ISA (UK and Ireland) 700: Requiring the Auditor's Report to Address Risks of Material Misstatement, Materiality and a Summary of Audit Scope.
Chen, C. J. P., Jaggi, B, 2000, Association between Independent Non-Executive Directors, Family Control and Financial Disclosures in Hong Kong, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 19 (4-5): 285-310.
Chi, C. W., Hung, K., Cheng, H. W., Lieu, P. T., 2015, Family Firms and Earnings Management in Taiwan: Influence of Corporate Governance, International Review of Economics and Finance, 36: 88-98.
Chiu, P. C., Teoh, S. H., Tian, F., 2013, Board Interlocks and Earnings Management Contagion, Accounting Review, 88 (3): 915-944.
Church, B. K., Davis, S. M., McCracken, S. A., 2008, The Auditor’s Reporting Model: A Literature Overview and Research Synthesis, Accounting Horizons, 22 (1): 69-90.
PCAOB Investor Advisory Group Meeting.
Dechow, P. M., Dichev, I. D., 2002, The Quality of Accruals and Earnings: The Role of Accrual Estimation Errors, Accounting Review, 77 (4): 35-59.
Dechow, P. M., R. G. Sloan, and A. P. Sweeney, 1995, ”Detecting earnings management.”, The Accounting Review 70 (2), 193-225.
DeFond, M. L., Jiambalvo, J., 1994, Debt Covenant Violation and Manipulation of Accruals, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17 (1-2): 145-176.
Eng, L. L., Mak, Y. T., 2003, Corporate Governance and Voluntary Disclosure, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 22(4): 325-345.
Efendi, J., Srivastava, A., Swanson, E. P., 2007, Why do Corporate Managers Misstate Financial Statements? The Role of Option Compensation and Other Factors, Journal of Financial Economics, 85 (3): 667-708.
Gimbar, C., B. Hansen, and M. Ozlanski. 2016. The effects of critical audit matter paragraphs and accounting standard precision on auditor liability. The Accounting Review 91 (6): 1629-1646.
Guitierrez, E., M. Minutti-Meza, K. Tatum, and M. Vulcheva. 2017. Consequences of Changing the Auditor’s Report: Evidence from the U.K. Working paper, University of Chile, University of Miami, and Florida International University.Available at. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2741174.
Jean. B. N, Gonthier,B. and Alain, S. 2014. Costs and Benefits of Reporting Key Audit Matters in the Audit Report: The French Experience.
Hohanna, K., Anna, G. and Christiane, P. 2018. Do Key Audit Matters Impact Financial Reporting Behavior?
Hermalin, B. E., Weisbach, M. S., 2012, Information Disclosure and Corporate Governance, Journal of Finance, 67 (1): 195-233.
Hodge, F. D., Kennedy, J. J., Maines, L. M., 2004, Does Search-Facilitating Technology Improve the Transparency of Financial Reporting? Accounting Review, 79 (3): 687-703.
Hunton, J. E., Libby, R., Mazza, C. L., 2006, Financial Reporting Transparency and Earnings Management, Accounting Review, 81 (1): 135-157.
Hutton, A., Miller, G. S., Skinner, D. J., 2003, The Role of Supplementary Statements with Management Earnings Forecasts, Journal of Accounting Research, 41 (5): 867-890.
Jensen, M. C., Meckling, W. H., 1976, Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior,
Agency Cost and Ownership Structure, Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (4): 305-360.
Kachelmeier, S. J., Schmidt, J. J., Valentine, K., 2014b, The Disclaimer Effect of Disclosing Critical Audit Matters in the Auditor’s Report. Working Paper.
Kao, L., Chen, A., 2004, The Effects of Board Characteristics on Earnings Management, Corporate Ownership and Control, 1(1): 96-107.
Khalil, M., Ozkan, A., 2016, Board Independence, Audit Quality and Earning Management:Evidence from Egypt, Journal of Emerging Market Finance, 15 (1): 84-118.
Klai, N., Omri, A., 2011, Corporate Governance and Financial Reporting Quality: The Case of Tunisian Firms, International Business Research, 4 (1): 158-166.
Klein, A., 2002, Audit Committee, Board of Director Characteristics, and Earnings
Kothari, S. P., Shu, S., Wysocki, P. D., 2009, Do Managers Withhold Bad News? Journal of Accounting Research, 47(1): 241-276.
Kachelmeier, S.J., J.J. Schmidt, and K. Valentine. 2016. The disclaimer effect of disclosing critical audit matters in the auditor’s report. Working Paper. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2481284.
Klein, A 2002. Audit committee. Board of director characteristics, and earnings management. Journal of Accounting and Economics 33 (3): 375-400.
Kothari S.P., Leona A. J. and C.E. Wasley, 2005, “Performance Matched Discretionary Accrual Measures”，Journal of Accounting and Economics. 39, 163-197.
Lang and Stulz 1994, “Tobin’s q, Corporate diversification, and firm performance”, Journal of Political Economic, 102, 1248-1280.
Leftwich, R. W., Watts, R. L., Zimmerman, J. L., 1981, Voluntary Corporate Disclosure: The Case of Interim Reporting, Journal of Accounting Research, 19 (3): 50-77.
Lennox, C.S., J.J. Schmidt, and A. Thompson. 2017. Is the Expanded Model of Audit Reporting Informative to Investors? Evidence from the UK. Working paper, University of Southern California, University of Texas at Austin, and University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. Available at http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract_id=2619785.
Lobo, G. J., Zhou, J., 2001, Disclosure Quality and Earnings Management, Asia- Pacific Journal of Accounting and Economics, 8 (1): 1-20.
Miller, B. P., 2010, The Effects of Reporting Complexity on Small and Large Investor Trading, Accounting Review, 85 (6): 2107-2143.
Mayers, D., Shivdasani, A., and Smith, C. W., Jr., 1997, Board composition and corporate control: Evidence from the insurance industry. Journal of Business, 70, 33-62.
Management, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 33(3): 375-400.
Mock, T. J., J Bedard, P. J Coram, S.M. Davis, R Espahbodi., and R. C. Warme.2013The Audit Reporting Model: Current Research Synthesis and Implications. Auditing; A Journal of Practice and Theory 32 (1):323-351.
Morck ,Randall, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert Vishny, 1988, “Management ownership and market valuation：An Empirical Analysis”, Journal of Financial Economics, 20, 293-316.
Rajgopal, S. and M. Venkatachalam, 1998, ”The role of institutional investors in corporate governance：an empirical investigation.”, Working paper.
Reid, Lauren C. and Carcello, Joseph V. and Li, Chan and Neal, Terry L., (Posted: 2015 Last revised: 2018), Impact of Auditor Report Changes on Financial Reporting Quality and Audit Costs: Evidence from the United Kingdom, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2647507.
Reynolds, J. K., and J. R. Francis. 2000. Does size matter? The influence of large clients on office-level auditor reporting decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 30 (3): 375-400.
Roychowdhury, S. 2006. Earnings management throughreal activities manipulation. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 42 (3): 335-370.
Smith, K. W. 2017. Tell me more: A content analysis of expanded auditor reporting in the United Kingdom.
Sirois, L, Bédard, J, and Bera, P, 2017, The Informational Value of Key Audit Matters in the Auditor’s Report: Evidence from an Eye-tracking Study. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=2469905.
Sweeney, A. P. 1994. Debt-covenant violations and managers' accounting responses. Journal of Accounting and Economics 17 (3): 281-308.
Skinner, D. J., 1994, Why Firms Voluntarily Disclose Bad News, Journal of Accounting Research, 32 (1): 38-60.
Vanstraelen, A., C. Schelleman, R. Meuwissen, and I. Hofmann. 2012. The audit reporting debate: Seemingly intractable problems and feasible solutions. European Accounting Review 21 (2): 193–215.
Wong, K. A., and Yek, T. C. (1991). Shareholdings of board of directors and corporate performance from Singapore. Pacific Basin Capital Market Research, 2, 211−225.
Wells Fargo. (2016). Comment letter on PCAOB Release NO. 2016-003; Rulemaking Docket Matter No.34.
Watts, R. L., Zimmerman, J. L., 1978, Toward a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards, Accounting Review, 53 (1): 112-134.
White, M. J., 2013, The Path Forward on Disclosure. ttps://www.sec.gov/news/speech/spch101513mjw . Accessed October 15, 2013.
You, H., Zhang, X. J., 2008, Financial Reporting Complexity and Investor Underreaction To 10-K Information, Review of Accounting Studies, 14 (4): 559- 586.