因全球暖化越來越嚴重，各行各業皆在降低能耗、提高效率等方向上努力，在金屬成形領域，一種新興的熱沖壓製程可解決許多傳統沖壓的缺點，所以開始被大量應用於需兼顧安全及環保的汽車車身產業，但是熱沖壓製程本身也造成大量的能源消耗，因為熱沖壓製程需要大量能源加熱板件，所以改善板件的加熱效率減少能耗成為重要的議題。本研究以預混火焰直接加熱的方式替代常見的電爐加熱，試圖改善加熱效率及節能，以最短的時間將板件均勻加熱至800℃為目標，進行參數的研究，火焰加熱可以僅針對需加熱的板件進行加熱，把能耗降至最低，且能將其應用至熱沖壓模具上，實施模內加熱、沖壓成形、淬火冷卻的一連貫製程，避免板件在移送至模具過程中造成的能耗損失。研究初期，先建置一簡易的火焰加熱系統進行板件加熱實驗，對板件的兩側同時加熱，其重點在於驗證火焰直接加熱用於熱沖壓製程的可行性，再建置一個能隨時改變所需參數的預混火焰加熱系統，進行不同參數的板件加熱實驗，並找出最佳的參數，過程中使用熱影像儀拍攝觀察其溫度分佈，最後進行幾個重點區域的硬度檢測，觀察其硬度分佈，研究結果顯示，4個噴嘴中心處的溫度與最高溫度會有一定的落差，溫度落差會隨著加熱時間逐漸變大，其中增加擋板且參數為7mm孔徑的噴嘴、當量比為1.36、噴嘴間距S/d=3.6、噴嘴與板件的間距為H/d=4及加熱時間為兩分鐘時的溫度最均勻，硬度試驗平均值的最大硬度與最小硬度相差了約60Hv，研究證實火焰加熱用於熱沖壓製程的可行性。

Due to the global warming, industries are striving to reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency. In the field of metal forming, the hot stamping process has been widely applied in the automotive body industry, which requires both safety and environmental considerations, to overcome many drawbacks of traditional stamping processes. However, the hot stamping process itself consumes a significant amount of energy due to the need for heating the panel. Therefore, improving the heating efficiency and reducing energy consumption have become important issues. This study aims to replace the commonly used electric furnace heating with a premixed flame direct heating method in order to improve heating efficiency. Research goal is to achieve the panel heated to 800°C uniformly and in shorter time. The flame can only heat the panel directly and minimizing the energy consumption. This heating method can achieve the in-die heating and continuou with, forming, and quenchingto avoid energy losses during the transfer of panel. In the beginning of the research, a simple flame heating system was built to verify the feasibility of using direct flame heating for hot stamping processes. Then, a premixed flame heating system with flexible adjustable structure was built to carry out panel heating experiments. The optimal parameters were determined, and thermal distribution was observed using a thermal imaging camera. Finally, hardness tests were performed. Results showed the temperature is lower in the center of panel where is among the four nozzles. This temperature difference increased gradually with heating time. Among the tested parameters, the configuration with an added baffle, a nozzle diameter of 7mm, an equivalence ratio of 1.36, a nozzle spacing ratio of S/d=3.6, a nozzle-to-plate spacing ratio of H/d=4, and the two minutes heating time achieved the most uniform temperature distribution. The maximum and minimum hardness values from the hardness tests differed by approximately 60Hv. The study confirmed the feasibility of using flame heating for hot stamping processes.

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………………………………i
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………ii
誌謝………………………………………………………………………………………………………iv
目錄…………………………………………………………………………………………………………v
表目錄………………………………………………………………………………………………vii
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………………………viii
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 前言……………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 研究動機與目的……………………………………………………………………2
1.3 研究方法與步驟……………………………………………………………………3
1.4 文獻回顧…………………………………………………………………………………4
1.5 論文總覽…………………………………………………………………………………8
第二章 理論基礎………………………………………………………………………………9
2.1 熱沖壓原理介紹……………………………………………………………………9
2.1.1 熱沖壓原理………………………………………………………………………9
2.1.2 熱沖壓方式……………………………………………………………………11
2.2 熱傳遞原理……………………………………………………………………………12
2.2.1 熱傳導介紹……………………………………………………………………12
2.2.2 熱對流介紹……………………………………………………………………13
2.2.3 熱輻射介紹……………………………………………………………………14
2.3 高強度鋼板CSC 15B22之材料性質……………………………15
2.3.1 錳硼鋼CSC 15B22………………………………………………………15
2.3.2 應力應變性質曲線………………………………………………………15
2.3.3 熱傳數值…………………………………………………………………………17
2.3.4 連續冷卻變態相圖(CCT)…………………………………………17
2.4 衝擊射流介紹…………………………………………………………………………18
2.5 火焰熱處理介紹……………………………………………………………………19
2.6 當量比………………………………………………………………………………………20
2.7 雷諾數………………………………………………………………………………………20
第三章 研究方法………………………………………………………………………………21
3.1 燃燒架………………………………………………………………………………………21
3.2 加熱系統之管路及使用設備……………………………………………23
3.2.1 加熱系統管路…………………………………………………………………23
3.2.2 加熱系統及過程紀錄使用之設備…………………………24
3.3 預混火焰加熱板件實驗……………………………………………………28
3.3.1 板材準備…………………………………………………………………………28
3.3.2 實驗流程…………………………………………………………………………29
3.3.3 參數規劃…………………………………………………………………………30
3.4 成品硬度試驗………………………………………………………………………31
3.4.1 硬度試驗試片處理………………………………………………………31
3.4.2 硬度試驗…………………………………………………………………………33
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………………………………………………35
4.1 噴燈火焰加熱實驗………………………………………………………………35
4.2 當量比對火焰加熱板件的影響………………………………………35
4.3 噴嘴與板件間距對火焰加熱板件的影響……………………37
4.3.1 初步變更噴嘴與板件間距實驗………………………………37
4.3.2 找出最佳溫度分佈之加熱間距………………………………40
4.3.3 不同當量比之噴嘴與板件間距比較……………………42
4.4 嘗試降低當量比對火焰加熱板件的影響……………………43
4.5 噴嘴間距對火焰加熱板件的影響…………………………………45
4.6 雙面加熱對火焰加熱板件的影響…………………………………48
4.6.1 初步雙面加熱實驗………………………………………………………48
4.6.2 參數優化之雙面加熱實驗…………………………………………50
4.7 噴嘴孔徑對火焰加熱板件的影響……………………………………52
4.8 6.5mm孔徑之噴嘴間距對火焰加熱板件的影響………54
4.9 7mm孔徑之噴嘴間距對火焰加熱板件的影響……………58
4.10 縮短加熱時間對火焰加熱板件的影響………………………61
4.10.1 縮短加熱時間實驗………………………………………………………61
4.10.2 增加檔板縮短加熱時間實驗……………………………………62
4.11 電爐及火焰加熱系統之能耗比較…………………………………64
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………………………65
5.1 結論………………………………………………………………………………………………65
5.2 建議………………………………………………………………………………………………66
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………………………………67
Extended Abstract…………………………………………………………………………69

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