臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要

同性婚姻合法化是依據2018年臺灣公投法的決定而做的政策。此政策帶領臺
灣成為酷兒社會、性現代化及推動婚姻平權的亞洲第一個國家。同性婚姻合法
化帶領臺灣追求自由選擇同性配偶,性別平等,同性戀者的權利及同性戀者的自尊。
同性婚姻合法化主要的主張在教育民眾尊重不同性別特徵,性別認同及性傾向,
這些都包含在性平權以及同性戀者在臺灣社會裡有取得結婚的公民權。此論文
的目的將以台灣的文化觀點調查以下的主題: (1)調查台灣同性婚姻合法化之
前及以後的衝突; (2)調查同性婚姻合法化以後價值觀;(3)探討臺灣同性婚姻
合法化後的影響力。此篇研究使用的是質化研究方法, 包含上下內文研究法、
資料收集法、資料分析法及比較分析法。此研究結果發現台灣同性婚姻合法化
之前臺灣社會對同性戀及同性婚姻呈現出保守及負面社會刻版印象，而同性婚
姻合法化之後研究發現同性戀者仍被社會偏見視為無民事行為能力者、有同性
戀醫學病態問題、呈現同性婚姻道德腐敗及社會問題、缺乏共識並認
為同性戀者不該擁有人權、民眾對同性婚姻仍缺乏興趣、否認性及性別為主觀
經驗而咎由自取、社會壓力改變台灣人對同性戀者性別認同的看法、高離婚率、
低生育率、產生生產的問題及家庭權利的困境、呈現傳統社會家庭價值的惡化
以及出櫃在台灣仍成為同性戀者及其父母親之間的衝突。至於同性婚姻合法化
之後的價值觀，研究發現出臺灣社會有呈現出主張婚姻平等、對同性戀的容忍
度增加、從台灣文化價值觀來看增強同性戀平等地位以對抗社會偏見、從同性
戀社會運動呈現性別自由民主的提昇、基於人權及正義感為準以提昇同性戀者
的人權、提昇同性戀者的自尊、增加自由的性及性愛、增強性教育、以及在同
性婚姻合法化後臺灣社會呈現出提昇新同性戀的文化、擴大禁止異性戀家庭為
唯一生育的限制、拒絕同性間性別道德暴行及性暴力、及同性戀者邊緣的標籤
化漸微。另外從文化觀點調查臺灣婚姻合法化後的影響力，研究者發現台灣社
會呈現出對同性戀者有提昇新的社會態度及信念、提昇臺灣社會反歧視同性戀、
提 昇同性戀的家庭權利、性平等權利、提昇在婚姻合法化後婚姻的意義、提
昇性平權教育及同性戀者有較多機會可出櫃、根據司法748號解釋興起婚姻自
由及婚姻平權、禁止同性婚姻限制、保護同性戀者的家庭、在臺灣的父母親接
受及尊重婚姻自由化及對抗傳統文化規範的同性戀者的性別認同，增強對同性
戀者權力的人道主義。臺灣的同性婚姻合法化關懷同性戀者的生活及生存。人
道主義注重人的價值、人的福利、人的合群、人的情感及人的權利。此政策提
昇同性婚姻平權、同性婚姻自由化及同性戀者選擇同性配偶的自由。



關鍵字: 同性婚姻合法化、公投、性別平等、自尊、性別認同、性傾向

ABSTRACT

Same-sex marriage legalization was a policy, depended on the decisions from Taiwanese referendum in 2018, and led Taiwan to becoming a Queer society,
sexual modernity and the first country in promoting marriage equality in Asia. This same-sex marriage legalization leads Taiwan to pursuing freedom of choosing same-sex spouse, gender equality, gay right and gay dignity. The main assertions focus on educating people to respect different gender traits, gender identity, and sexual orientationinvolved in gender equality and gay people have their civil right to get married. This thesis investigates the following topics from cultural perspective in Taiwan: (1) to investigate conflicts before and after same-sex marriage legalization; (2) to investigate
the values after same-sex marriage legalization; (3) to explore the impacts after same-sex marriage legalization. This study will employ qualitative methods involving contexts of the study, data collection, data analysis, and comparative analysis. The results found that Taiwanese society presents conservative and negative socialstereotyped impression towards homosexuality and same-sex marriage before same-sex marriage legalization. After same-sex marriage legalization, Taiwanese society presents some phenomena involving still maintenance of civil disabilities and social prejudice, the medical problems of pathologizing homosexuality and moral corruption of same-sex marriage, exaggerating lack of consensus, low public interests toward
same-sex marriage, denying sex and gender as subjective experiences, social tension of changing Taiwanese ideas about LGBT identity, high divorce rates, low birth rates, the problems of reproduction and the dilemma of family rights, the deterioration of traditional family values, and coming out still as a conflict between gay men and their parents in Taiwan. As to the values of same-sex marriage legalization, the findings found that Taiwanese society shows the advocation of marriage equality, the increases of tolerance toward homosexuality, the intensification of equal status against prejudice, the rises of sexual liberal democracy from LGBT social movements, human rights based on humanity and justice, homosexual human dignity,liberal sex and sexuality, sexual education, the rise of a new homosexual culture in Taiwanese community after same-sex marriage legalization, the broad of the limitation of heterosexual families as the only fertilization, the rejection of sexual moral outrage and sexual violence among same-sex people, and the deconstruction of
LGBT people as marginalized groups. As to the impacts of same-sex marriage
legalization in Taiwan, the researcher found that Taiwanese society presents
the rises of new social attitudes and beliefs to LGBT people, anti
discrimination, homosexual family rights, sexual equal right, the increases of marriage significant meanings after same-sex marriage legalization, Gender Equity Education, and more chance of “coming out” for LGBT people, the provocation of the freedom of marriage and marriage equality based on Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 748, the limitation of the prohibition of same-sex marriage, the protection of homosexual people’s families, the impacts of Taiwanese parents with respecting and accepting freedom of marriage
and homosexual identity against traditional cultural norms, the increase of
humanitarianism for LGBT people’s rights. Humanitarianism concerns human life
and basic existence. Humanitarianism stresses on human values, human welfare,
human cooperation, human affection and human rights. This policy promotes same-sex marriage equality, freedom of same-sex marriage and freedom of choosing same-sex spouses.

Key Words: same-sex marriage legalization, referendum, gender equality,
dignity, gender identity, sexual orientation

Table of Contents

Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………………………………………...................I
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………….................................vi
Key Words…………………………………………………………………………..................................vii
摘要…………………………………………………………………………………....................................viii
關鍵字………………………………………………………………………………....................................ix
Chapter One INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………....................1
1.1 Background…………………………………………………………………................................1
1.1.1 The Transformation of Social Concepts about Homosexuality……………... 1
1.1.2 Cultural Perspectives about Homosexuality and Same-sex Marriage………2
The Definition of Culture………………………………………………….....................2
Definition of Marriage and Same-sex Marriage…………………………...........3
1.2 Gender Equality in Taiwan…………………………………………….......................4
1.3 Legalization of Same-sex Marriage Has Broken Traditional Taiwanese
Confucian Culture…………………………………………………………................................. 6
1.4 Research Motivation and Research Purpose………………………................9
1.5 Political Culture in Taiwan……………………………………………….....................11
1.6 Legal Proceeding in Taiwan………………………………………………......................12
1.7 Legalization of Same-sex Marriage in Taiwan……………………………............13
1.8 The Current Status on Legislation in .Taiwan……………………………...........15
1.9 Research Questions………………………………………………………...........................15

Chapter Two LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………….........................18
2.1. The Transformation of Taiwanese Attitudes to Homosexuality and
Same-sex Marriage……………………………………………………………........................ 18
2.1.1 Social Attitudes of Sexuality and Same-sex Marriage As Well As Laws
to Homosexuality.................................................19
2.1.2 Cultural, Political Forces and Social Pressure to Homosexuality……20
2.1.3. Social Bias and Homophobia to Homosexuality……………………………………….......21
2.1.4 Public Opinions, Negative Social Stereotypes and Social Class toward
Homosexuality …………………………………………....................................22
2.1.5 The Significant Meanings of Same-sex Marriage in Taiwan……………......24
2.2. Social Scientists’ Assertions for Marriage Equality and Gender
Equality….........................................................25
2.3. Theory Frameworks: Theories based on Queer Theory, Feminism and
Postmodern Feminism about Gender Equality……………………………….............28
2. 4. Queer Theory and Foucault’s Effects ………………………………………...............29
2.5. Feminism and Lesbian Feminism………………………………………….....................30
2.6. Postmodern Feminism………………………………………………………..........................32
2.7. The Contribution among Queer Theory, Feminism and Postmodern
Feminism…………………………………………………………………..................................33

Chapter Three METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………............................35
3.1 Qualitative Research---……………………………...............................35
3.1.1 Context of the Study…………………………………………………….........................35
3.1.2 Samplings from Data……………………………………………………….........................36
3.1.3 Data Collection……………………………………………………………...........................36
3.1.4 Data Analysis & Comparative Analysis…………………………………................36
3.2 Procedures of Data Analysis………………………………………………....................37


ii
Chapter Four FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………………………...........................39

4.1 The Conflicts of Same-Sex Marriage Legalization in
Taiwan…………........................................................39

4.1.1 Still Maintenance of Civil Disabilities and Social Prejudices…………40

4.1.2 The Medical Problems of Pathologizing Homosexuality…………….........42

4.1.3 Social Problems and Moral Corruption of Same-Sex Marriage…………....45

4.1.4 Exaggerating Lack of Consensus…………………………………………...................47

4.1.5 Framing Same-Sex Marriage as Low Public Interests……………………........48

4.1.6 Denying Sex and Gender as Subjective Experiences………………………........49

4.1.7 Social Tension of Changing Taiwanese Ideas about LGBT Identity……….51

4.1.8 The Increase of High Divorce Rates……………………………………….................52

4.1.9 The Low Birth Rates………………………………………………………..........................54

4.1.10 The Problems of Reproduction and the Dilemma of Family Rights………. 56

4.1.11 The Deterioration of Traditional Family Values…………………………..........58

4.1.12 Coming Out Is Still a Conflict between Gay Men and Their Parents in
Taiwan …………………………………………………….......................................63

4.2 The Values of Same-Sex legalization in Taiwan………………….................65

4.2.1 The Advocation of Marriage Equality…………………………………… .................65

4.2.2 The Increase of Tolerance toward Homosexuality …………………………..........66

4.2.3 The Intensification of Equal Status against Prejudice in Taiwanese Cultural Values………………………………………………………………………................................67
iii
4.2.4 The Rise of Sexual Liberal Democracy from LGBT Social Movements……..70

4.2.5 The Rise of Human Rights Based on Humanity and Justice………………......73

4.2.6 The Rise of Homosexual Human Dignity………………………………….................76

4.2.7 Rejection of Sexual Moral Outrage and Sexual Violence among Same Sex
People……………………………………………………………………..................................78
4.2.8 The Rise of Liberal Sex and Sexuality……………………………… ……..............79
4.2.9 The Rise of Sexual Education………………………………………………....................80

4.2.10 The Deconstruction of Labeling LGBT People as Marginalized
Groups............................................................82

4.2.11 Same-sex marriage Legalization Makes Taiwanese Government Broaden
the Limitation of Heterosexual Families as the Only Process to make
Fertilization………………………………………………………………............................83

4.2.12 A New Homosexual Culture Is Rising in Current Taiwanese Community
After the Legalization of Same-sex Marriage in Taiwan………………….... 85

4.2.13 Judicial Remedy in the Fight for Same-sex marriage in
Taiwan………….......................................................86

4.3. The Impacts of Same-Sex Marriage Legalization in Taiwan from
Cultural Perspective…………………………………………………………………....................90

4.3.1 The Rise of Innovative Social Attitudes and Beliefs to LGBT
People……….........................................................90

4.3.2 The Rise of Anti-Discrimination around Taiwanese Society…………….......92

4.3.3 The Expansion of Homosexual Family Rights…………………………………..............95

4.3.4 The Provocation of the Freedom of Marriage and Marriage Equality Based
on Judicial Yuan InterpretationNo.748……………………………………………..............98

4.3.5 The Rise of Sexual Equal Right…………………………………………......................99
iv
4.3.6 Increase of Marriage Significant after Same-Sex Marriage
Legalization…….....................................................101

4.3.7 The Limitation of the Prohibition of Same-Sex
Marriage……………….....................................................103

4.3.8 The Protection of Homosexual People’s Families………………………............104

4.3.9 The Impacts of Taiwanese Parents with An Individualistic Worldview
about Respecting and Accepting Freedom of Marriage and Homosexual
Identity against Traditional Cultural Norms…………………………………………........106

4.3.10 The Increase of Gender Equity Education…………………………………..............108

4.3.11 More Chance of “coming out” for LGBT people……………………………............109

Chapter Five CONCLUSION……………………………………...................................110

5.1 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………................................112

5.2 Contribution……………………………………………………………………...............................121

5.3 Limitations and Recommendation………………………………………........................122

Reference…………………………………………………………………………................................126

Internet Information……………………………………………………………….........................154

Chinese Reference…………………………………………………………………...........................162










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