臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根本原因分析(Root cause analysis)是一種系統化的處理方法，旨在逐步
找出問題的根本原因並加以解決，而不是僅僅關注問題的表面。飛行操控系
統(Flight control system)是大型飛機的主要系統之一，系統範圍廣大且當中
包含許多子系統與組件，當飛行控制系統發生故障時，容易造成維修工程師
故障排除上的不易，因此如何快速且正確地將飛行控制系統故障排除亦是
非常重要的研究議題。
本論文以 Boeing 777-300 型飛機為研究樣本，利用原廠發布之技術文
件，統整與歸納出主飛行操控系統的主要故障模式，並利用在根本原因分析
中常使用的故障樹分析(Fault tree analysis)與可靠度方塊圖(Reliability block
diagram)系統化的探討故障原因與描述系統故障與故障原因之間的關聯性，
最後再繪製針對各類故障模式的故障排除流程圖。本論文旨在以導入系統
化的分析方式，補足原廠故障排除手冊的不足之處，找出造成系統關鍵性故
障之主要原因，提高航機系統的故障排除效率，並在最後提出降低故障率之
建議以供業界在航機飛行操控系統維護上的參考。

Root cause analysis is a systematic approach that aims to gradually identify
the root cause of a problem and fix it, rather than just focusing on the surface of
the problem.The flight control system is one of the main systems of large aircraft.
The system has a wide range and contains many subsystems and components.
When the flight control system fails, it is easy to cause difficulty for maintenance
engineers to troubleshoot. Therefore, how to quickly and correctly deal with the
flight control system fault is also a very important research topic.
This paper takes Boeing 777-300 aircraft as a research sample and uses the
technical documents released by the original factory to integrate and summarize
the main fault modes of the primary flight control system, and use the fault tree
analysis and reliability block diagram used in root cause analysis. Systematically
discusses the cause of the fault and describes the correlation between the system
fault and the cause of the fault, and finally draws the troubleshooting flowchart
for various fault modes.The purpose of this paper is to introduce a systematic
analysis method to make up for the insufficiency of the original factory
troubleshooting manual, find out the main reasons for the critical fault of the
system, improve the troubleshooting efficiency of the aircraft system, and finally
propose to reduce the failure rate recommendation for the industry's reference in
the maintenance of aircraft flight control system.

摘要 .......................................................................i
Abstract.....................................................................iii
誌謝 ......................................................................iv
目錄 .......................................................................v
表目錄 ....................................................................viii
圖目錄 .......................................................................x
英文縮寫對照表................................................................xii
第一章 緒論....................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機..............................................................1
1.2 研究目的...................................................................1
1.3 研究內容...................................................................2
第二章 文獻回顧.................................................................3
2.1 故障樹分析發展歷史..........................................................3
2.2 故障樹分析近年文獻應用.......................................................3
第三章 故障樹分析與可靠度方塊圖..................................................5
3.1 故障樹分析（Fault Tree Analysis）[12].......................................5
3.2 可靠度方塊圖(Reliability Block Diagram)[12].................................6
3.2.1 故障樹與可靠度方塊圖轉換...................................................7
3.3 流程圖之符號說明............................................................8
第四章 Boeing 777-300 Primary Flight Control System............................9
4.1 Boeing 777-300飛行操控系統概述..............................................9
4.1.1 系統控制原理.............................................................10
4.1.2 Actuator Control Electronics............................................11
4.1.3 Primary Flight Computer.................................................12
4.1.3.1 PFC Flight Control Law................................................13
4.1.3.2 PFCS Operational Mode.................................................14
4.1.4 Flight Control Surface Power Control Unit...............................15
4.1.5 ARINC 629 buses.........................................................15
4.1.6 Electrical Power System.................................................15
4.1.7 Hydraulic Power System..................................................16
4.1.7.1 Flight Control Shutoff Valves.........................................17
4.2 Aileron and Flaperon Control..............................................18
4.2.1 Aileron/Flaperon操作方式................................................18
4.2.2 Aileron/Flaperon特殊機制與保護功能.......................................20
4.2.3 Aileron PCU.............................................................21
4.2.3.1 Aileron PCU操作模式...................................................22
4.2.4 Flaperon PCU............................................................23
4.2.4.1 Flaperon PCU操作模式..................................................24
4.3 Rudder Control............................................................26
4.3.1 Rudder操作方式..........................................................26
4.3.2 Rudder特殊機制與保護功能.................................................28
4.3.3 Rudder PCU..............................................................29
4.3.3.1 Rudder PCU操作模式....................................................31
4.4 Elevator Control..........................................................33
4.4.1 Elevator操作方式........................................................33
4.4.2 Elevator特殊機制與保護功能...............................................34
4.4.3 Elevator PCU............................................................36
4.4.3.1 Elevator PCU操作模式..................................................37
4.5 Horizontal Stabilizer Control.............................................39
4.5.1 Horizontal Stabilizer操作方式...........................................39
4.5.2 Stabilizer Ballscrew Actuator...........................................41
4.5.3 Stabilizer Trim Control Modules.........................................42
4.5.4 Stabilizer Position Modules.............................................43
4.5.5 Horizontal Stabilizer特殊機制與保護功能..................................43
4.6 Spoiler Control...........................................................45
4.6.1 Spoiler操作方式.........................................................45
4.6.2 Spoiler特殊機制與保護功能................................................48
4.6.3 Inboard and Outboard Spoiler PCU........................................49
4.6.4 Cable-Controlled Spoiler PCU............................................50
第五章 Boeing 777-300 PFCS故障分析與排除.......................................52
5.1 PFCS系統狀態顯示...........................................................52
5.2 Central Maintenance Computing System......................................52
5.3 PFCS重要元件故障檢測.......................................................53
5.4 間歇性故障................................................................56
5.5 PFCS故障模式與故障樹分析頂端事件............................................56
5.6 飛行操控面PCU故障分析......................................................57
5.6.1 PCU故障之故障樹建構......................................................64
5.6.2 PCU故障之故障排除流程....................................................69
5.7 Cable Controlled Spoiler PCU故障分析......................................77
5.7.1 Cable Controlled Spoiler PCU故障之故障樹建構.............................78
5.7.2 Cable Controlled Spoiler PCU does not Follow Command故障排除流程.........81
5.8 Horizontal Stabilizer故障分析.............................................86
5.8.1 Horizontal Stabilizer故障之故障樹建構....................................88
5.8.2Horizontal Stabilizer故障之故障排除流程...................................97
5.9 各飛行操控面之可靠度方塊圖.................................................108
第六章 討論與建議.............................................................129
6.1 討論.....................................................................129
6.2 給予業界之建議............................................................130
第七章 結論..................................................................134
7.1 未來研究方向..............................................................134
參考文獻.....................................................................135
Extended Abstract............................................................137

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