臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著世界科技的進步和工具機產業的發展，高階工具機一直不斷的往高速化、高效率、多軸化、高精度化、智慧化以及低成本的方向發展，高階工具機為了滿足高速化與高精度化的整體性能要求，其工具機的結構設計一定要有足夠的剛性與最佳化的設計。工具機結構會直接影響到精度甚至加工品質，本論文藉由改善和優化機台結構設計達到更好的動態特性，滿足五軸加工品質的需求。

本文著重於設計高階五軸工具機並研究機台的結構靜、動剛性、熱變形分析與實驗驗證，並進行結構分析與優化。本研究設計機台的主結構，分別為鞍座、滑軌台、立柱、主軸頭、工作台等，並將有限元素方法作為結構分析工具，將單件零件進行驗證比對，以驗證五軸工具機正確的模型，並探討各台不同位置之空間相對變形量。為了符合實際機台的特性，分別將各個零組件的邊界條件與參數的設定，並作為優化五軸工具機之結構的基礎，並進一步更容易地實現動態特性的改善，機台之加工精度亦可提升。由於鞍座會影響到機台穩定度和精度，搭配拓撲優化方法設計，可分析出模型不必要的結構，得到之結果再次進行模型設計更改，相信本研究對於工具機產業朝向智慧製造的發展，會有具體的助益與技術上的突破。

With the advancement in science and technology of the world and the development of the machine tool industry, high-end machine tools have been aiming to the direction of development, in order to perform multi-axis machining with higher speed, efficiency, precision, intelligence, and lower cost. The overall performance of high precision machining requires the structural design of the machine tool to have sufficient rigidity and optimized design. The structures of the machine tool will directly affect the accuracy of machining and further impact the processing quality. This paper found better dynamic characteristics by improving and optimizing the design of the machine structure to meet the quality of five-axis processing.

The focuses in this paper are on designing five-axis machine tool and studying the static and dynamic rigidity, thermal deformation analysis and experimental verification of the machine, by performing structural analysis and optimization. The main structures of the designed machine in this study are base, slide table, column, spindle head, worktable, etc. The finite element method is used as a structural analysis tool to verify and compare the single parts of machine, in order to justify the actual model of the five axes machine tool. In addition , we have discussed the relative deformation of the space at each position. In order to satisfy the characteristics of the actual machine, the boundary conditions and parameters of each component are set as the basis for optimizing the structure of the multi-axis machine tool, and the dynamic characteristics can be easily improved, Therefore, the machining accuracy of the machine can be improved. Since the base will affect the stability and accuracy of the machine, the topology optimization method design, the unnecessary structure of the model can be analyzed, and the results can be used to change the model design again. We believe that this research will help in the development of machine tool industry towards smart manufacturing. This study provides practical impact and technological breakthroughs.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iii
目錄...iv
表目錄...vii
圖目錄...viii
符號說明...xi
第一章 緒論...1
1.1研究背景...1
1.2研究目的...1
1.3文獻回顧...1
1.4論文大綱...4
第二章 相關理論基礎與實驗設備...6
2.1振動與模態基礎理論...6
2.1.1單自由度系統...6
2.1.2實驗模態分析簡介...8
2.1.3模態分析重要名詞...9
2.2有限元素法簡介...10
2.2.1有限元素法平衡方程式...11
2.2.2有限元素種類...13
2.2.3有限元素分析重要名詞...14
2.2.4暫態動力學分析之定義...16
2.2.5靜剛性...16
2.2.6剛度矩陣...17
2.3結構設計概論...17
2.4暫態熱傳...19
2.4.1熱傳導...20
2.4.2熱對流...21
2.5實驗設備...21
2.5.1衝擊鎚...21
2.5.2加速規...22
2.5.3頻譜分析儀...24
2.5.4紅外線測溫儀...25
2.5.5振動量測軟體...25
2.5.6有限元素分析軟體...26
2.5.7拓樸優化軟體...27
2.5.8DMG Mori DMU50五軸工具機...27
第三章 結構設計...29
3.1結構設計...29
3.1.1零件繪製...29
3.1.2組合零件...33
第四章 結構優化比較...34
4.1結構優化設計...34
4.1.1拓撲優化...35
4.1.2結構再設計優化...37
4.2設計變更結果比較...39
第五章 模態實驗與有限元素分析...43
5.1有限元素分析...43
5.1.1有限元素模型...43
5.1.2材料性質...43
5.1.3網格化...44
5.1.4收斂性分析...45
5.1.5有限元素模型邊界條件...45
5.1.6靜剛性分析...47
5.1.7模態分析...49
5.1.8頻譜分析...51
5.1.9暫態分析...51
5.1.10熱變形分析...52
5.2機台空間不同位置分析探討...53
5.2.1靜剛性分析...54
5.2.2力流線探討...61
5.2.3模態分析...68
5.3模態實驗...74
5.3.1五軸工具機佈點配置...74
5.3.2敲擊試驗...75
5.4 CAD模型與實際機台驗證...78
5.5動剛性量測結果...82
5.5.1頭部低動剛性量測...82
5.5.2B/C軸動剛性量測...83
5.6靜剛性分析與機台比對驗證...83
第六章 結論與未來展望...85
6.1結論...85
6.2未來展望...86
參考文獻...87

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