臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

學生長時間於學校教室室內環境，其暴露於空氣污染物如揮發性有機物(Volatile Organic compound, VOCs)的來源及其健康風險值得探討。本研究於5所不同的教育場所(國小、高中)，分別在不同季節(秋、春)，不同地區(南部、中部)、不同區域(人口密集區域、工業密集區域)進行採樣收集數據，並且以受體模式中的正矩陣因子法(PMF)及化學質量平衡(CMB)進行來源探討，室內污染來源主要以室內產生源(油漆裝潢、木質板)為主，室外污染源主要為交通污染，並以汽車污染為多數，通風不良場所容易將污染物蓄積在室內，根據季節風向影響，在工業污染上面有不同行業的組成。健康風險評估分為致癌風險評估及非致癌風險評估，結果顯示：在揮發性有機物與醛酮類的致癌風險評估及非致癌風險評估中，醛酮類的致癌風險較高。

Inhalation exposure to indoor pollutants, such as VOCs and carbonyls, in schools is a health concern for student. The objectives of this study were to identify the sources of VOCs in the natural ventilated classrooms and to estimate associated health risk impacts. Indoor/outdoor VOCs and carbonyls sampling were conducted in five schools (four elementary schools and one high school) in different seasons (autumn and spring) in Southern and Central Taiwan. Source apportionment of VOCs in schools were carried out using mass balance model and receptor models (PMF and CMB). Results reveal that the indoor air VOCs and carbonyls in natural ventilated classrooms were mostly affected by the penetration of outdoor sources such as exhaust emissions from automobiles and motorcycles. Indoor sources such as furniture and building materials also contribute also contribute certain levels of VOCs and carbonyls in the classrooms. Results from health risk assessments show inhalation exposure to carbonyls (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) have higher cancer risk than that of other VOCs.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2-1 空氣污染物特性 4
2-2空氣污染物來源 8
2-3教育場所室內及室外空氣品質 12
2-4揮發性有機物健康危害 14
2-5受體模式推估 16
2-6受體模式資料庫 18
2-7質量平衡模式 21
第三章 研究方法 23
3-1 研究架構 23
3-2 研究規劃 24
3-2-1 場所挑選及時間規劃 24
3-2-3 採樣場所特性 26
3-2-3-1 A場所 26
3-2-3-2 B場所 27
3-2-3-3 C場所 28
3-2-3-4 D場所 29
3-2-3-5 E場所 30
3-3 實驗設計與儀器設備 31
3-3-1 實驗設計 31
3-3-2 揮發性有機物採樣方法與設備 32
3-3-2-1 分析項目 35
3-3-3醛酮類採樣方法與設備 37
3-3-4空氣交換率量測 39
3-4 受體模式 40
3-4-1 正矩陣因子法(PMF) 40
3-4-2 化學質量平衡(CMB) 40
3-5 健康風險評估(HRA) 42
3-6品保品管 47
3-6-1檢量線配置 47
3-6-2偵測極限 47
第四章 結果與討論 48
4-1 各場所採樣期間風速風向及工業分布 48
4-1-1 A場所採樣期間風速風向與工業分布 49
4-1-2 B場所採樣期間風速風向與工業分布 51
4-1-3 C場所採樣期間風速風向與工業分布 53
4-1-4 D場所採樣期間風速風向與工業分布 55
4-1-5 E場所採樣期間風速風向與工業分布 57
4-2 各場所污染物濃度組成分析 59
4-2-1 揮發性有機物(吸附管方法) 59
4-2-2 醛酮類分析 66
4-3 各場所污染物來源分析 69
4-3-1 A場所污染物室外貢獻度及來源分析 69
4-3-2 B場所污染物室外貢獻度及來源分析 78
4-3-3 C場所污染物室外貢獻度及來源分析 87
4-3-4 D場所污染物室外貢獻度及來源分析 96
4-3-5 E場所污染物室外貢獻度及來源分析 105
4-4各場所健康風險評估 114
4-4-1致癌風險評估 114
4-4-2非致癌風險評估 117
4-5實驗限制 118
第五章 結論與建議 119
5-1結論 119
5-2建議 120
參考文獻 121

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