臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文目的為探討應用布拉格光柵光纖扭力感測器監控螺栓負載之扭矩力之可行性，布拉格光柵光纖感測器，同時具有體積小、重量輕、重複測量再現性高及抗電磁干擾等優點，且對於環境工作溫度接受範圍很廣能夠使用於嚴苛的環境，適合用於取代費力費時的人工檢測。
本研究將探討布拉格光柵光纖感測器埋入螺栓之中，透過實驗驗證埋入螺栓的布拉格光柵光纖波長變化是否會因為螺栓施加扭矩的微小伸長量變化而產生改變，並根據不同深度及位置進行加工及安裝，進一步研究埋入深度、位置及其他相關因素是否對布拉格光柵光纖感測器靈敏度有直接的影響。實驗結果發現當感測器埋入深度越長且埋入位置越接近表面時感測器的靈敏度就越高，本次研究所使用的M20螺栓中的感測器在多組實驗數據其中以布拉格光柵光纖感測器距離螺栓中心7.0mm且完全貫穿螺栓時所測得靈敏度最高，其測量之靈敏度為0.00297nm/Nm、線性回歸R^2=0.9984及標準差( Standard Deviation)小於0.003 %，表現出非常良好的重複性量測結果，由以上數據可證明本論文所研究之布拉格光柵光纖螺栓扭力感測器適合應用於螺栓扭矩的測量及長期監控。

The purpose of this paper is to assess the feasibility of utilizing Bragg grating fiber torque sensor on monitoring bolt torque. The advantages of Bragg grating sensor include small size, light weight, high repeatability of repeated measurement and anti-electromagnetic interference. It can measure under harsh environments with a wide range of ambient temperature. So it is suitable to replace time consuming manual inspection.
In this research the Bragg grating fiber torque sensor is embedded in bolt. Through experiment the wave length change of the Bragg grating sensor due to elongation change of the bolt is investigated. The effect of embedded depth, position and other factor to measurement is also studied. Experiment results show better sensibility through deeper embedded depth and embedded position close to surface. For a Bragg grating sensor embedded in M20 bolts, measurement sensitivity of 0.00297nm/Nm, R^2=0.9984 for linear regression, standard deviation smaller than 0.003% is achived by embedding Bragg grating sensor through the whole bolt and 7.0mm from bolt center. It also shows high repeatability of repeated measurement. In conclusion that Bragg grating torque sensor is suitable for bolt torque measurement and long-term monitoring.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
符號註解 xiii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
第二章 基礎理論 2
2.1 螺栓基本原理 2
2.1.1螺栓拉伸應力面積 3
2.1.2螺栓應力與應變 4
2.1.3螺栓軸向預緊力 5
2.1.4螺栓應力與應變分布 5
2.2螺栓扭矩感測器種類介紹 9
2.2.1超聲波量測法 9
2.2.2壓電主動傳感法 10
2.2.3壓電阻抗法 11
2.2.4應變規感測器 12
2.2.5布拉格光柵光纖感測器 13
2.3 光纖基礎理論 22
2.4 FBG布拉格光纖光柵理論 24
第三章 研究方法與步驟 26
3.1 實驗設備介紹 26
3.1.1 準分子雷射 26
3.1.2 寬頻光源SLED (Superluminescent LED Source) 27
3.1.3 光纖一對二耦合器 28
3.1.4 頻譜分析儀OSA(Optical Spectrum Analyzer) 29
3.1.5 光纖熔接機 30
3.1.6 光纖切割器 32
3.1.7 手持式XRF元素分析儀 33
3.1.8 電子扭力板手 34
3.1.9 平口點交針頭及螺口針筒 35
3.2 實驗材料介紹 36
3.2.1 SUS304螺栓 36
3.2.2 光敏性光纖 37
3.3 實驗架構 38
3.3.1 布拉格光柵加工 38
3.3.2 實驗用螺栓材質分析 41
3.3.3實驗流程介紹 42
3.3.4 螺栓放電加工 43
3.3.5布拉格光柵光纖埋入及固定 44
3.3.6光纖熔接 51
3.3.7 布拉格光柵光纖感測器螺栓扭力實驗 53
第四章 實驗結果與分析 56
4.1實驗模組有限元素分析 56
4.2布拉格光柵光纖膠合前後差異 60
4.3螺栓施加扭力布拉格光柵光纖頻譜變化 69
4.4布拉格光柵光纖埋入深度及位置靈敏度差異比較 87
4.5布拉格光柵光纖感測器應用於螺栓扭矩實驗數據之比較 92
第五章 結論與未來展望 95
參考文獻 97

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