臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

乾淨的潤滑劑只有存在機件啟動的初期，隨著機件運轉時間增加與密封性減少，環境污染物中二氧化矽顆粒(SiO2) 與水分會逐漸進入界面間的潤滑劑，影響潤滑劑的性能。若僅以乾淨潤滑劑為標的物研究分析，將造成表面損傷嚴重性與壽命預測的嚴重失真。本論文探討最主要的兩種環境污染物SiO2 (0.0 wt%, 0.185 wt%, 1. 48 wt%)與水分(0.0 wt% ,0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt%)造成鈣基潤滑脂劣化對軸承鋼材料磨潤性能的影響，影響參數包含有水含量、總酸價、稠度等基本潤滑性質及摩擦、磨耗與點蝕損傷(Pitting)，並比較其與鋰基潤滑脂性能的差異，經由四球式實驗的主要結論有: (1)建立鈣基潤滑脂在不同量SiO2與水分污染環境下的磨耗性能曲線。(2) 建立鈣基潤滑脂在不同量SiO2與水分污染環境下的點蝕性能曲線。(3)鈣基滑脂在環境中會自然吸收水分，SiO2 含量越多其含水量相對越高。不論滑脂原先含水量多少，運轉實驗後含水量均在0.25 wt% ~ 0.40 wt%，顯示運轉系統具有穩定含水量特性。(4) 在本文含水量與顆粒濃度下的鈣基潤滑脂，實驗前後TAN均在2.93-4.84之間，顯示兩種環境污染物對TAN的影響相當輕微。(5) 不論鈣基潤滑脂含水量多寡，磨合(Running-in)與穩態磨耗(Steady wear)期間的磨耗增加率，均隨著SiO2顆粒濃度的增加而增加。(6)不論鈣基潤滑脂含水量多寡，磨合與穩態磨耗期間的點蝕面積增加率，均隨著SiO2顆粒濃度的增加而增加。(7)污染的鋰基潤滑脂在四球式磨耗實驗時，其滑脂溫度與摩擦量測值重複性比鈣基潤滑脂佳。(8)不論鈣基或鋰基潤滑脂內含顆粒濃度越多，其摩擦係數平均值均上升並且量測值的變動越大。本研究提供了解二氧化矽和水分污染對鈣基潤滑脂與鋰基潤滑脂的性能影響，可作為在特定環境中選擇適當潤滑脂，及潤滑脂界面損傷與壽命預測的參考。

Clean lubricants are only present during the initial stages of machinery operation. As operating time increases and sealing effectiveness decreases, environmental contaminants such as silica particles (SiO2) and moisture gradually infiltrate the lubricant between interfaces, affecting its performance. Analyzing and studying clean lubricants alone can lead to significant distortions in surface damage severity and life expectancy predictions. This paper investigates the impact of two main environmental contaminants—SiO2 (0.0 wt%, 0.185 wt%, 1.48 wt%) and moisture (0.0 wt%, 0.3 wt%, 0.6 wt%)—on the tribological performance of calcium-based lubricating grease on bearing steel materials. The influencing factors include basic lubricant properties such as water content, total acid number (TAN), consistency, as well as friction, wear, and pitting damage. A performance comparison with lithium-based lubricating grease is also made. The main conclusions from the four-ball experiment are as follows: (1) Wear performance curves for calcium-based lubricating grease under varying levels of SiO2 and moisture contamination were established. (2) Pitting performance curves for calcium-based lubricating grease under varying levels of SiO2 and moisture contamination were established. (3) Calcium-based lubricating grease naturally absorbs moisture from the environment, with higher SiO2 content leading to relatively higher moisture levels. Regardless of the initial moisture content of the grease, post-operation moisture levels stabilize between 0.25 wt% and 0.40 wt%, indicating that the operating system maintains a stable moisture content. (4) For the calcium-based lubricating grease under the specified moisture and particle concentration conditions in this study, the TAN before and after the experiments remained between 2.93 and 4.84, indicating that the two environmental contaminants have a relatively minor impact on TAN. (5) Regardless of the moisture content in calcium-based lubricating grease, the wear rate during the running-in and steady wear phases increases with rising SiO2 particle concentration. (6) Regardless of the moisture content in calcium-based lubricating grease, the pitting area increase rate during the running-in and steady wear phases also increases with rising SiO2 particle concentration. (7) Contaminated lithium-based lubricating grease exhibited better temperature and friction measurement repeatability during the four-ball wear experiment compared to calcium-based grease. (8) For both calcium-based and lithium-based greases, higher particle concentrations led to an increase in average friction coefficients and greater variability in measurements. This study provides insights into the effects of silica and moisture contamination on the performance of calcium-based and lithium-based lubricating greases, offering references for selecting suitable greases in specific environments and for predicting interface damage and grease lifespan.

摘要.....i
Abstract.....ii
誌謝.....iv
目錄.....v
表目錄.....viii
圖目錄.....ix
符號說明.....xiv
1 第一章 緒論.....1
1.1 前言.....1
1.2 研究動機與目的.....2
1.3 文獻回顧.....2
1.3.1 含水量相關文獻.....3
1.3.2 環境顆粒相關文獻.....3
1.3.3 點蝕相關文獻.....4
1.4 論文架構.....5
2 第二章 基礎理論.....7
2.1 磨潤基本原理.....7
2.2 潤滑脂.....8
2.2.1 潤滑脂添加劑.....8
2.2.2 潤滑脂稠度定義.....9
2.3 表面粗糙度.....10
2.3.1 均方根表面粗糙度(Sq).....10
2.3.2 球面磨耗表面之均方根粗糙度計算.....11
3 第三章 實驗方法與儀器.....12
3.1 四球式磨耗試驗.....12
3.1.1 四球磨耗實驗試件與實驗條件.....12
3.1.2 四球磨耗實驗公式與原理.....13
3.2 實驗材料.....15
3.2.1 潤滑脂.....15
3.2.2 二氧化矽.....15
3.2.3 逆滲透純水.....16
3.2.4 添加污染物參數設定.....16
3.3 四球磨耗試驗機.....17
3.3.1 四球磨耗試驗實驗步驟.....17
3.3.2 四球磨耗試驗實驗注意事項.....18
3.4 光學顯微鏡 (Optical Microscope ).....19
3.4.1 光學顯微鏡實驗步驟.....19
3.4.2 光學顯微鏡實驗注意事項.....20
3.5 三維光學顯微鏡(白光干涉儀).....20
3.5.1 三維光學顯微鏡實驗步驟.....21
3.5.2 三維光學顯微鏡注意事項.....22
3.6 庫倫法卡試水分測定儀.....22
3.6.1 庫倫法卡試水分測定儀原理.....22
3.6.2 庫倫法卡試水分測定儀操作步驟.....23
3.6.3 庫倫法卡試水分測定儀注意事項.....24
3.7 總酸價(TAN)自動滴定儀.....25
3.7.1 總酸價自動滴定儀原理.....25
3.7.2 總酸價(TAN)自動滴定儀實驗步驟.....25
3.7.3 總酸價自動滴定儀注意事項.....26
3.8 NIGL 稠度.....26
3.9 分析型場發掃描式電子顯微鏡.....28
3.9.1 分析型場發掃描式電子顯微鏡 ( FE-SEM ) 實驗步驟.....28
4 第四章 結果與討論.....30
4.1 實驗方法及其符號代號.....30
4.2 潤滑脂基本潤滑性質.....31
4.2.1 潤滑脂含水量分析.....31
4.2.2 潤滑脂總酸價分析.....33
4.2.3 NIGL 稠度分析.....34
4.3 不同潤滑脂分段式磨潤性能比較.....36
4.3.1 分段式四球試驗磨耗直徑變化分析.....37
4.3.2 分段實驗點蝕面積變化分析.....42
4.3.3 分段式四球試驗摩擦係數變化分析.....44
4.3.4 分段式四球試驗油溫變化分析.....48
4.4 固定時間的磨潤性能分析.....51
4.4.1 實驗 60 分鐘的摩擦係數量化分析.....52
4.4.2 60分鐘油溫量化分析.....54
4.4.3 60分鐘平均磨痕直徑分析.....56
4.4.4 軸承鋼表面粗糙度分析.....57
4.4.5 軸承鋼表面元素分析.....62
4.5 鈣基滑脂特殊實驗數據分析.....71
4.5.1 前情提要.....71
4.5.2 特殊案例分析-1 (Ca-G + 1.480 S 60 min).....71
4.5.3 特殊案例分析-2 (Ca-G + 1.480 S 140 min).....73
4.5.4 特殊案例分析-3 (Ca-G + 0.6 W + 1.480 S 140 min ).....74
4.5.5 特殊案例分析-4 (Ca-G + 0.6 W + 1.480 S 分段式實驗).....75
5 第五章 結論與未來展望.....78
5.1 結論.....78
5.2 未來展望.....79
6 參考文獻.....81
7 Extended Abstract.....84

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