臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文以數值模擬探討菱形封閉式機翼在固定側板尺寸、翼弦長及展弦比改變外型設計角度，分析其氣動力特性、安定性以及結構特性。氣動力方面，在自由流風速12m/s下，與矩形封閉式機翼(baseline)比較，菱形封閉式機翼具有延後失速攻角、提高最大升力係數及整體氣動力效果。在探討範圍中與封閉式機翼(baseline)相比，最大升阻比提升最多可增加4.07%。最大升力係數可提升35.41%。縱向安定性方面，以側板翼前緣為力矩原點，探討範圍內皆為CMα<0，具備縱向穩定的特性，具備最良好縱向穩定組合之CMα為-0.24。氣動力中心方面，以側板翼前緣為原點，最靠後方在1.073公尺處。橫向安定性方面，在攻角0度，改變側滑角計算出CNβ，其結果顯示前翼上反角有助於橫向穩定，後翼下反角有助於橫向不穩定，探討範圍內具備最良好橫向穩定組合之CNβ為-3.52E-02。靜態結構分析方面，結果顯示菱形封閉式機翼與傳統單機翼(single wing)相比具有較好的結構強度，在探討範圍內，具備備最好之最大變形量為傳統單機翼的最大變形量為傳統單翼的21%，翼根最大應力為傳統單翼的12%。

In this paper, numerical simulation is used to explore the change of the shape design angle of the fixed side panel size, chord length and aspect ratio of the diamond-shaped closed wing, and analyze its aerodynamic characteristics, stability and structural characteristics. In terms of aerodynamics, at a free-flow speed of 12m/s, compared with a rectangular closed wing (baseline), the diamond-shaped closed wing has a delayed stall angle of attack, increased maximum lift coefficient and overall aerodynamic effect. Compared with the enclosed wing (baseline), the maximum lift-to-drag ratio can be increased by up to 4.07% in the scope of discussion. The maximum lift coefficient can be increased by 35.41%. In terms of longitudinal stability, taking the leading edge of the side panel wing as the origin of the moment, the discussion range is all CMα<0, which has the characteristics of longitudinal stability, and the CMα with the best longitudinal stability combination is -0.24. Regarding the aerodynamic center, the origin is the front edge of the side wing, and the rearmost is 1.073 meters. In terms of lateral stability, CNβ is calculated by changing the angle of sideslip at the angle of attack at 0 degrees. The results show that the front wing angle of dihedral contributes to lateral stability, and the rear wing angle of cathedral contributes to lateral instability. The scope of the discussion has the best The CNβ of the horizontal stable combination is -3.52E-02. In terms of static structure analysis, the results show that the diamond-shaped enclosed wing has better structural strength than the traditional single wing. In the scope of discussion, the maximum deformation with the best preparation is that the maximum deformation of a traditional single wing is 21% of that of a traditional single wing, and the maximum stress of the wing root is 12% of that of a traditional single wing.

摘要...i
Abstract...ii
誌謝...iv
目錄...vi
表目錄...ix
圖目錄...x
符號說明...xxi
第一章 緒論...1
1.1 研究動機...1
1.2 文獻回顧...3
1.3 研究目的...8
第二章 研究方法...9
2.1 物理模式...9
2.2 統御方程式...9
2.3 紊流模型...10
2.4 結構網格形式...11
2.5 邊界條件...12
第三章 數值方法與驗證...13
3.1 簡述...13
3.2 網格系統...13
3.3 程式驗證...14
第四章 數值模擬結果與分析...16
4.1 氣動力性能分析...16
4.1.1 固定前翼後掠角3度改變其他設計角度之變化...16
4.1.2 固定前翼後掠角13度改變其他設計角度之變化...22
4.1.3 固定前翼後掠角23度改變其他設計角度之變化...27
4.2 安定性分析..32
4.2.1 縱向安定性及氣動力中心...32
4.2.2 橫向安定性...37
4.3 靜態結構分析...40
第五章結論...42
5.1氣動力...42
5.2安定性...42
5.3結構...43
參考文獻..135
Extended Abstract...147

[1] Jaw-Kuen Shiau, Der-Ming Ma, and Chih-Wei Chiu, "Optimal Sizing and Cruise Speed Determination for a Solar-Powered Airplane", JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 622-629, March–April 2010.
[2] Spyridon G. Kontogiannis, John A. Ekaterinaris, "Design, performance evaluation and optimization of a UAV", Aerospace Science and Technology, 29, pp. 339-350, 2013.
[3] S. Jashnani, T.R. Nada, M. Ishfaq, A. Khamker, P. Shaholia, "Sizing and preliminary hardware testing of solar powered UAV", The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, 16, pp. 189-198, National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences, August 30, 2013.
[4] Romeli Barbosa, B. Escobar, Victor M. Sanchez, J. Hernandez, R. Acosta, Y. Verde, "Sizing of a solar/hydrogen system for high altitude long endurance aircrafts", Science Direct, 39, 29, pp. 16637-16645, June 21, 2014.
[5] Xiongfeng Zhu, Zheng Guo, Zhongxi Hou, "Solar-powered airplanes: A historical perspective and future challenges", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 71, pp. 36-53, July 15, 2014.
[6] Parvathy Rajendran, Kah Wee Lim, and Kuan Theng Ong, "Power Management Strategy by Enhancing the Mission Profile Configuration of Solar-Powered Aircraft", International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2016, May 24, 2016.
[7]Ruben D’Sa, Travis Henderson, Devon Jenson, Michael Calvert, Thaine Heller, Bobby Schulz, Jack Kilian, and Nikolaos Papanikolopoulos, "Design and Experiments for a Transformable Solar-UAV", IEEE, pp. 3917-3923, May 29 - June 3, 2017.
[8] W W Zhang, L G Zhang, Z W Yan and L Wang, "Structural Design and Difficulties of Solar UAV", IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 608,
[9] Shaojun Feng, Penghai Li, Yuming Xue, Fan Gao, Zilong Bai, Liming Zhang and Qing Guo, "Characteristics and design key points of small CIGS solar UAV", IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 508,
[10] Ramón Fernando Colmenares Quintero, Howard Smith, Ravinka Seresinhe, "APPLICATION OF THE OPEN ROTOR IN A BOX WING AIRCRAFT: A FEASIBILITY STUDY",
[11] D. Schiktanz, D. Scholz, "Box Wing Fundamentals- An aircrafr design perspective",
[12] Daniel Schiktanz, " Conceptual Design of a Medium Range Box Wing Aircraft", Hamburg University,
[13] Daniel Schiktanz Wing Incidence Angle and Twist Estimation of the Current Box Wing Configuration", Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, December 5, 2011.
[14] Paul O Jemitola, John P Fielding, " BOX WING AIRCRAFT CONCEPTUAL DESIGN", 28th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES, 2012.
[15] Paul Olugbeji Jemitola, "Conceptual Design and Optimization Methodology for Box Wing Aircraft", School of Aerospace Engineering Cranfield University, 博士論文, 2012.
[16] P. O. Jemitola, J. Fielding, P. Stocking, " Joint fixity effect on structural design of a box wing aircraft", THE AERONAUTICAL JOURNAL, Vol. 116, No. 1178, pp. 363-372, APRIL, 2012.
[17] Ishan Roy Salam and Cees Bil, "Preliminary Aerodynamic and Structural Design Tradeoff for a Box-Wing Airliner ", 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, January 09-12, 2012.
[18] Adeel Khalid, "Aerodynamic Optimization of Box Wing – A Case Study", IJAA, Vol. 1, Issue 4, November 4, 2014.
[19] Stephen A. Andrews and Ruben E. Perez, " Stability and Control Effects on the Design Optimization of a Box-Wing Aircraft", 14th AIAA , June 16-20, 2014.
[20] Ishan Roy Salam and Cees Bil, "A Methodology for Multi-Disciplinary Analysis of the Box Wing Concept", 15th AIAA, June 22-26, 2015.
[21] Sahana D S, Abdul Aabid, "CFD Analysis of Box Wing Configuration", IJSR, Vol. 5, Issue 4, April, 2016.
[22] Csaba JÉGER, Dániel KUTROVICH, László NAGY, "INVESTIGATING THE ACCURACY OF DIFFERENT FIDELITY NUMERICAL METHODS FOR MODELLING THE AERODYNAMICS OF A BOX-WING AIRCRAFT", Conference on Modelling Fluid Flow (CMFF’15) The 16th International Conference on Fluid Flow Technologies Budapest, September 1-4, 2015.
[23] K.O. Predachenko, "Possibility of Application Joined Wing Layout for UAV", 2015 IEEE 3rd APUAVD, pp. 37-40, 2015.
[24] MIŁOSZ J. KALINOWSKI, "STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION OF BOX WING AIRCRAFT", A R C H I V E O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G, Vol. LXII, No. 1, pp. 45-60, 2015.
[25]Rocco Bombardieri, Rauno Cavallaro, Luciano Demasi, "A Historical Perspective on the Aeroelasticity of Box Wings and PrandtlPlane with New Findings", 57th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, January 4-8, 2016.
[26] Hugo Gagnon and David W. Zingg, "Aerodynamic Optimization Trade Study of a Box-Wing Aircraft Configuration", 2016.
[27] Dimitri N. Mavris and Jeff S. Schutte, "Application of Deterministic and Probabilistic System Design Methods and Enhancements of Conceptual Design Tools for ERA Project Final Report", NASA, pp. 84-92, 2016.
[28] Gobpinaath M, Sivajiraja K, Suresh C, Ramesh K, "Design and Analysis of Non Planar Wing in Commercial Aircraft", IJIET, Vol. 7, Issue 3, pp. 472-485, October, 2016.
[29] Alexander SOMERVILLE, Matthew MARINO, Glenn BAXTER, Graham WILD, "UNDERSTANDING BOX WING AIRCRAFT: Essential TECHNOLOGY TO IMPROVE SUSTAINABILITY IN THE AVIATION iNDUSTRY", AVIATION, Vol. 20(3), pp. 129-136, March 16, 2016. [30] Timothy Chau and David W. Zingg, "Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Box-Wing Regional Aircraft Based on the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations", 2017.
[31] Rauno Cavallaro, Juan Palacios Santos, Rocco Bombardieri, "Discrete Gust Response of a Box-wing Configuration", Aerospace Europe 6th CEAS Conference, 2017. [32] Fábio Cruz Ribeiro, Adson Agrico de Paula, Dieter Scholz and Roberto Gil Annes da Silva, "Wing geometric parameter studies of a box wing aircraft configuration for subsonic flight", 7TH EUCASS, October 05, 2017.
[33] Stephen A. Andrews, Ruben E. Perez, "Comparison of box-wing and conventional aircraft mission performance using multidisciplinary analysis and optimization", Aerospace Science and Technology, pp. 336-351, June 4, 2018.
[34] S. Ahmad Fazelzadeh, Dieter Scholz, Abbas Mazidi, Michael I. Friswell, "FLUTTER CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPICAL WING SECTIONS OF A BOX WING AIRCRAFT CONFIGURATION", AEGATS 2018, Vol. AEGATS Proceedings (2018), October 23-25, 2018.
[35] G. Palaia, K. Abu Salem, V. Cipolla, E. Di Vitantonio, E. Rizzo, V. Binante, "Preliminary design of a Tiltwing UAV with a box wing configuration", Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio, The Journal of Aerospace Science, Technology and Systems, April 08, 2019.
[36] Jemitola O. Paul, Okafor E. Gabriel and Godwin Abbe, "Active Tip Fins for Box Wing Aircraft", Recent Patents on Engineering, 2019, Vol. 13, No. 1, February 18, 2019.
[37] S. Srinivasan, Deepa, G.K.Sanjana, Abhishek and Madhusoodan Padagannavar, "An Overview of Box Wing Aircraft Aerodynamics and Performance", THINK INDIA JOURNAL, Vol. 22, Issue 16, pp. 2913-2921, August, 2019. [38] André Nogueira Sousa, Fábio Cruz Ribeiro, and Adson Agrico de Paula, "Box wing longitudinal flight quality evaluation", AIAA, June 17-21, 2019.
[39] Tielin Ma, Xiangsheng Wang, Zhihua Wei, Zihan Xue, and Dawei Bie, "Conceptual Design of a VTOL Box-wing UAV with Rotatable Duct-fans", AIAA, January 7-11, 2019.
[40] S.A. Siqueira, P. Skinner, A.M. Ibrahem, M.D. Liu, S.A. Barits, E.K. Bontoft, R. Vepa and V.V. Toropov, "Design Optimization of a Closed Box Wing All-Electric Commuter Aircraft Concept", January 19, 2019.
[41] Paul Jemitola and Paul Okonkwo, "Review of Structural Issues in the Design of a Box Wing Aircraft", Journal of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 161-166, April 04, 2019.
[42] Luca De Vivo, Danny Tran, and Falko Kuester, "Towards Design of a 3D Printable Prandtl Box-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle",
[43] Lorenzo Russo, Renato Tognaccin, Luciano Demasi, "Box Wing and Induced Drag: Compressibility Effects in Subsonic and Transonic Regimes", AIAA JOURNAL, February 10, 2020.
[44] M. Singh, J. J. Aloor, A. Singh and S. Saha, "Box Wing: Aerodynamic Experimental Study for Applications in MAVs", Feb 14-15, 2020.
[45] Cipolla V., Abu Salem K., Picchi Scardaoni M., Binante V. , "Preliminary design and performance analysis of a box-wing transport aircraft", AIAA Scitech 2020 Forumm, January 6-10, 2020.
46. 周佳穎 "封閉式機翼應用在高空長滯空太陽能無人飛機之氣動力分析" 碩士論文 虎尾科大2017
47. 吳承澤 "以數值方法探討三為菱形是封閉式機翼應用於高空長滯空無人機之氣動力特性" 碩士論文 虎尾科大 2019
[48] Khodijah Kholish Rumayshah, Aditya Prayoga, and Dr. Ing. Mochammad Agoes Moelyadi, "Design of High Altitude Long Endurance UAV: Structural Analysis of Composite Wing using Finite Element Method", 5th International Seminar of Aerospace Science and Technology,
[49] ANSYS, FLUENT 13.0 User’s Guide, ANSYS Inc, 2010.
[50] F. R. Menter, "Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications", AIAA Journal, Vol. 32, pp. 1598-1605, 1994.
[51] J. P. Van Doormaal and G. D. Raithby, "Enhancements of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressible fluid flows", Numerical Heat Transfer, Vol. 7, pp. 147-163, 1984.
[52] J. P. Van Doormaal and G. D. Raithby, "Enhancements of the SIMPLE method for predicting incompressible fluid flows", Numerical Heat Transfer, Vol. 7, pp. 147-163, 1984.
[53] S. V. Patankar, "Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow", McGraw-Hill, New York, 1980.
[54] J.H.Chen, S.S.Li, V.T.Nguyen, "The effect of leading-edge protuberances on the performance of small aspect ratio foils", 15th International Symposium on Flow Visualization June 25-28, 2012, Minsk, Belarus.