臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以磺胺嘧啶(Sulfadiazine, SDZ)、磺胺甲基嘧啶 (Sulfamerazine, SMR)及磺胺二甲嘧啶(Sulfamethazine, SMZ)為目標污染物，使用O3, UV/O3, O3/H2O2, O3/Na2S2O8, UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3/H2O2及UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序進行氧化實驗，利用改變pH值找出最佳降解與礦化之程序，並於實驗過程分析臭氧與過氧化氫殘留濃度的變化。於UV/O3, UV/Na2S2O8及UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序下，在pH 7時分別添加1 wt%與3.5 wt% NaCl來模擬海水環境下對目標污染物降解與礦化效率之影響。於O3, UV/O3, UV/Na2S2O8及UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序下，使用養殖水在不控pH值與pH 5時進行實驗，來分析目標污染物於養殖水中的降解與礦化效率。
　　研究結果顯示，在UV/O3, O3/H2O2, UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3/H2O2及UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序下pH 5時對於SMZ具有較佳礦化效率，而在O3及O3/Na2S2O8程序下則是pH 7時對SMZ具有較佳礦化效率，UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序於pH 5對SMZ具有最佳降解以及礦化效率，降解效率為97%，礦化效率為99%。經擬一階動力學計算出在UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序於pH 5時SDZ、SMR及SMZ之反應速率常數皆為最大，分別為0.0902, 0.0837及0.0863 min-1，而從O3及O3/Na2S2O8氧化程序中能看出三種抗生素礦化效率比較為SDZ > SMR > SMZ，與其結構的複雜度相符。分析臭氧殘留濃度後，發現臭氧於酸性環境下較穩定，故殘留濃度較高。分析過氧化氫殘留濃度後，得知過氧化氫皆會於實驗結束前消耗殆盡，而於鹼性環境中過氧化氫消耗速度較快。模擬海水環境實驗中，發現加入NaCl會使臭氧殘留濃度上升，而結合Na2S2O8的程序中因添加NaCl而使三種抗生素之礦化效率下降。因養殖水氧化實驗中氧化程序會同時與養殖水之有機物進行反應，故三種抗生素於養殖水中進行實驗之礦化效率皆會降低。
　活性物種捕捉劑實驗發現SMZ在UV/O3程序的反應活性物種為氫氧自由基(Hydroxyl Radical, HO•)，UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序的反應活性物種為氫氧自由基及陰離子硫酸自由基(Sulfate Radical, SO4－•)。從離子層析數據分析中發現，因為六環中的C-N鍵不易破壞，故釋出的NO3-較少，而硫的位置較易打斷，故SO42-所釋出的濃度接近理論值。

This study investigates the efficiencies of removal and mineralization of sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) by advanced oxidation processes that involved O3, UV/O3, O3/H2O2, O3/Na2S2O8, UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3/H2O2 and UV/O3/Na2S2O8. The effects of pH on the removal and mineralization efficiencies of SDZ, SMR and SMZ were examined, and the changes in residual ozone concentration and residual hydrogen peroxide concentration were analyzed. Salinities of 1 wt% and 3.5 wt% were used in UV/O3, UV/Na2S2O8 and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 processes at pH 7 to simulate seawater. The following experiments were performed using aquaculture water at uncontrolled pH and pH 5: the degradation and mineralization efficiencies of target pollutants by O3, UV/O3, UV/Na2S2O8 and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 in aquaculture water were studied.
The SMZ mineralization efficiency in UV/O3, O3/H2O2, UV/Na2S2O8, UV/O3/H2O2 and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 processes was higher at pH 5, and in O3 and O3/Na2S2O8 processes, it was higher at pH 7, the UV/O3/Na2S2O8 process at pH 5 exhibited the highest SMZ removal efficiency, 97%, and mineralization efficiency, 99%. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of SDZ, SMR and SMZ in the UV/O3/Na2S2O8 system at pH 5 were 0.0902, 0.0837 and 0.0863 min-1. In the O3 and O3/Na2S2O8 oxidation processes, the mineralization efficiencies of antibiotics followed the order SDZ > SMR > SMZ, consistent with the complexity of the structures. Residual ozone concentration was higher under acidic conditions, under which ozone is stable, than alkaline and neutral conditions. Hydrogen peroxide decomposed more easily under alkaline conditions than acidic or neutral conditions. The residual ozone concentration increased with the addition of NaCl, and in the UV/Na2S2O8 and UV/O3/Na2S2O8 processes, adding NaCl reduced the mineralization efficiency of antibiotics. The mineralization efficiency of antibiotics was decreased in the aquaculture water.
The experimental results concerning the trapping of active species indicate that hydroxyl radicals (HO•) had a major role in the UV/O3 process and that the major active species in the UV/O3/Na2S2O8 system were hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals (SO4－•). The C-N bond in the hexacyclic functional group is not easily broken, so few nitrate is released, and C-S bond is easier to break than C-N bond, so the concentration of sulfate that was released by C-S bond was close to the theoretical value.

摘要------------------------------------------------------I
Abstract------------------------------------------------III
致謝------------------------------------------------------V
目錄-----------------------------------------------------VI
表目錄---------------------------------------------------IX
圖目錄----------------------------------------------------X
第一章、緒論----------------------------------------------1
1.1 研究動機----------------------------------------------1
1.2 研究目的及內容----------------------------------------2
第二章、文獻回顧------------------------------------------3
2.1抗生素------------------------------------------------3
2.2 高級氧化處理程序--------------------------------------5
2.2.1 臭氧基本性質及氧化原理-------------------------------6
2.2.2 紫外光氧化原理--------------------------------------9
2.2.3 過氧化氫基本性質及氧化原理---------------------------10
2.2.4 過硫酸鈉基本性質及氧化原理---------------------------10
2.3 臭氧結合紫外光、過氧化氫與過硫酸鹽程序------------------11
2.3.1 UV/O3程序原理--------------------------------------11
2.3.2 O3/H2O2程序原理------------------------------------12
2.3.3 O3/Persulfate程序原理------------------------------13
2.4 紫外光結合過硫酸鹽程序--------------------------------15
2.4.1 UV/Persulfate程序原理------------------------------15
2.5 UV/O3結合過氧化氫及過硫酸鹽程序-----------------------16
2.5.1 UV/O3/H2O2程序原理---------------------------------17
2.5.2 UV/O3/Persulfate程序原理---------------------------18
2.6 養殖水-----------------------------------------------20
第三章、實驗方法------------------------------------------23
3.1 實驗藥品與儀器----------------------------------------23
3.2 研究架構----------------------------------------------26
3.3 分析方法----------------------------------------------26
3.3.1 抗生素濃度分析--------------------------------------26
3.3.2 總有機碳濃度分析------------------------------------31
3.3.3 臭氧流量分析----------------------------------------31
3.3.4 殘留臭氧濃度分析------------------------------------32
3.3.5 殘留過氧化氫濃度分析---------------------------------33
3.3.6 IC離子層析數據分析----------------------------------34
3.4 氧化實驗程序------------------------------------------34
3.4.1 O3氧化實驗------------------------------------------36
3.4.2 UV/O3氧化實驗與程序流程------------------------------36
3.4.3 O3/Ox氧化實驗與程序流程------------------------------37
3.4.4 UV/Ox氧化實驗與程序流程------------------------------38
3.4.5 UV/O3/Ox氧化實驗與程序流程---------------------------39
3.4.6 再現性實驗------------------------------------------40
3.4.7 活性物種捕捉劑實驗-----------------------------------40
3.4.8 模擬海水鹽度氧化實驗---------------------------------41
3.4.9 養殖水氧化實驗---------------------------------------42
3.4.10 反應動力學模擬--------------------------------------43
3.4.11 單位電能數據分析------------------------------------43
第四章、結果與討論-----------------------------------------44
4.1 O3氧化實驗數據分析-------------------------------------44
4.1.1 O3程序之pH值效應數據分析-----------------------------44
4.1.2 O3程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析------------------------46
4.2 UV/O3氧化實驗數據分析----------------------------------50
4.2.1 UV/O3程序之pH值效應數據分析--------------------------50
4.2.2 UV/O3程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析---------------------53
4.3 O3/H2O2氧化實驗數據分析--------------------------------56
4.3.1 O3/H2O2程序之pH值效應數據分析------------------------56
4.3.2 O3/H2O2程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析-------------------60
4.4 O3/Na2S2O8氧化實驗數據分析-----------------------------65
4.4.1 O3/Na2S2O8程序之pH值效應數據分析---------------------65
4.4.2 O3/Na2S2O8程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析----------------68
4.5 UV/Na2S2O8氧化實驗數據分析-----------------------------71
4.5.1 UV/Na2S2O8程序之pH值效應數據分析---------------------71
4.5.2 UV/Na2S2O8程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析----------------73
4.6 UV/O3/H2O2氧化實驗數據分析-----------------------------75
4.6.1 UV/O3/H2O2程序之pH值效應數據分析---------------------75
4.6.2 UV/O3/H2O2程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析----------------78
4.7 UV/O3/Na2S2O8氧化實驗數據分析--------------------------83
4.7.1 UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序之pH值效應數據分析------------------83
4.7.2 UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序之SDZ、SMR和SMZ數據分析-------------86
4.8 模擬海水鹽度氧化實驗數據分析----------------------------90
4.9 養殖水氧化實驗數據分析---------------------------------98
4.9.1養殖水檢測數據分析------------------------------------98
4.9.2 O3程序養殖水氧化實驗數據分析--------------------------101
4.9.3 UV/O3程序養殖水氧化實驗數據分析----------------------105
4.9.4 UV/Na2S2O8程序養殖水氧化實驗數據分析-----------------109
4.9.5 UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序養殖水氧化實驗數據分析--------------112
4.10 反應動力學模擬數據分析-------------------------------116
4.11 能量消耗分析----------------------------------------120
4.12 活性物種捕捉劑實驗數據分析----------------------------123
4.12.1 UV/O3程序活性物種捕捉劑實驗數據分析-----------------124
4.12.2 UV/O3/Na2S2O8程序活性物種捕捉劑實驗數據分析---------126
4.13 IC離子層析數據分析-----------------------------------127
第五章、結論與建議----------------------------------------130
5.1 結論-------------------------------------------------130
5.2 建議-------------------------------------------------132
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------133

Amr, S. S. A., Aziz, H. A. & Adlan, M. N. (2013). Optimization of stabilized leachate treatment using ozone/persulfate in the advanced oxidation process. Waste Management, 33, 1434-1441.

Andreozzi, R., Caprio, V., Insola, A. & Marotta, R. (1999). Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery. Catalysis Today, 53, 51-59.

Anes, B., Ricardo, J. N., Silva, B. D., Oliveira, C. & Camoes, M. F. (2019). Seawater pH measurements with a combination glass electrode and high ionic strength TRIS-TRIS HCl reference buffers - An uncertainty evaluation approach. Talanta, 193, 118-122.

Arslan, A., Topkaya, E., Bingol, D. & Veli, S. (2018). Removal of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate from aqueous solutions by O3/UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process: Process optimization with response surface methodology approach. Sustainable Environment Research, 28, 65-71.

Bolton, J. R., Bircher, K. G., Tumas, W. & Tolman, C. A. (2001). Figures-of-merit for the technical development and application of advanced oxidation technologies for both electric-and solar-driven systems. Pure Applied Chemistry, 73, 627-637.

Campos-Martin, J. M., Blanco-Brieva, G. & Fierro, J. L. G. (2006). Hydrogen peroxide synthesis: an outlook beyond the anthraquinone process. Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis Angewandte, 45, 6962-6984.

Chen, Z., Fang, J., Fan, C. & Shang, C. (2016). Oxidative degradation of N-Nitrosopyrrolidine by the ozone/UV process: kinetics and pathways. Chemosphere, 150, 731-739.

Chen, K. L., Liu, L. C. & Chen, W. R. (2017). Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole and sulfapyridine antibiotics in high organic content soils. Environmental Pollution, 231, 1163-1171.

Choi, S., Sim, W., Jang, D., Yoon, Y., Ryu, J., Oh, J., Woo, J., Kim, Y. M. & Lee, Y. (2020). Antibiotics in coastal aquaculture waters: Occurrence and elimination efficiency in oxidative water treatment processes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 396, 122585.

Dai, Q., Chen, L., Chen, W. & Chen, J. (2015). Degradation and kinetics of phenoxyacetic acid in aqueous solution by ozonation. Separation and Purification Technology, 142, 287-292.

Dantas, R. F., Contreras, S., Sans, C. & Espluga, S. (2008). Sulfamethoxazole abatement by means of ozonation. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 150, 790-794.

Deng, Y. & Ezyske, C. M. (2011). Sulfate radical-advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) for simultaneous removal of refractory organic contaminants and ammonia in landfill leachate. Water Research, 45, 6189-6194.

Feng, M., Yan, L., Zhang, X., Sun, P., Yang, S., Wang, L. & Wang, Z. (2016). Fast removal of the antibiotic flumequine from aqueous solution by ozonation: Influencing factors, reaction pathways, and toxicity evaluation. Science of the Total Environment, 541, 167-175.

Ferre-Aracil, J., Cardona, S. C. & Navarro-Laboulais, J. (2014). Determination and validation of Henry’s constant for ozone in phosphate buffers using different analytical methodologies. Ozone: Science and Engineering, 37, 106-118.

Franson, M. A. H. (1992). APHA method 4500-O3: standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, 18th Ed., 426-429.

Furman, O. S., Teel, A. L. & Watts, R. J. (2010). Mechanism of base activation of persulfate. Environmental Scence and Technology, 44, 6423-6428.

Garoma, T., Umamaheshwar, S. K. & Mumper, A. (2010). Removal of sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole from aqueous solution by ozonation. Chemosphere, 79, 814-820.

House, D. A. (1961). Kinetics and mechanism of oxidations by peroxydisulfate. Chemical Reviews, 62, 185-203.

Izadifard, M., Achari, G. & Langford, C. H. (2017). Degradation of sulfolane using activated persulfate with UV and UV-Ozone. Water Research, 125, 325-331

Jabesa, A. & Ghosh, P. (2016). Removal of diethyl phthalate from water by ozone microbubbles in a pilot plant. Journal of Environmental Management, 180, 476-484

Lee, B. (2014). Ozone Treatment of Antibiotics in Water. Water Reclamation and Sustainability, 265-316.

Legrini, O., Oliveros, E. & Braun, A. M. (1993). Photochemical processes for water treatment. Chemical Reviews, 93, 671-698.

Lewis, E. L. & Perkin, R. G. (1981). The practical salinity scale 1978: conversion of existing data. Deep-Sea Research, 28A, 307-328.

Li, H., Wan, J., Ma, Y. & Wang, Y. (2016). Reaction pathway and oxidation mechanisms of dibutyl phthalate by persulfate activated with zero-valent iron. Science of the Total Environment, 562, 889-897.

Li, H., Duan, L., Wang, H., Chen, Y., Wang, F. & Zhang, S. (2020). Photolysis of sulfadiazine under UV radiation: Effects of the initial sulfadiazine concentration, pH, NO3− and Cd2+. Chemical Physics Letters, 739, 136949.

Liang, C., Wang, Z. S. & Bruell, C. J. (2007). Influence of pH on persulfate oxidation of TCE at ambient temperatures. Chemosphere, 66, 106-113.

Lin, A. Y. C., Lin, C. F., Chiou, J. M. & Hong, P. K. A. (2009). O3 and O3/H2O2 treatment of sulfonamide and macrolide antibiotics in wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 171,452-458.

Lin, C. C. & Wu, M. S. (2018). Feasibility of using UV/H2O2 process to degrade sulfamethazine in aqueous solutions in a large photoreactor. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 367, 446-451.

Lin, C. C. & Tasi, C. W. (2019). Degradation of isopropyl alcohol using UV and persulfate in a large reactor. Separation and Purification Technology, 209, 88-93.

Liu, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, Y., Cheng, X., Zhou, P., Zhang, G., Wang, J., Tang, P., Ke, T. & Li, W. (2018). Heterogeneous activation of persulfate for rhodamine B degradation with 3D flower sphere-like BiOI/Fe3O4 microspheres under visible light irradiation. Separation and Purification Technology, 192, 88-98.

Lu, T., Chen, Y., Liu, M. & Jiang, W. (2019). Efficient degradation of evaporative condensing liquid of shale gas wastewater using O3/UV process. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 121, 175-183.

Lucas, M. S., Peres, J. A. & Li, G. (2010). Treatment of winery wastewater by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2) in a pilot-scale bubble column reactor and process economics. Separation and Purification Technology, 72, 235-241
.
Luo, L., Wu, D., Dai, D., Yang, Z., Chen, L., Liu, Q., He, J. & Yao, Y. (2017). Synergistic effects of persistent free radicals and visible radiation on peroxymonosulfate activation by ferric citrate for the decomposition of organic contaminants. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 205, 404-411.

Marc, P. T., Veronica, G. M., Banos, M. A., Gimenez, J. & Esplugas, S. (2004). Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 47, 219-256.

Meng, W., Hu, R., Yang, J., Du, Y., Li, J. & Wang, H. (2016). Influence of lanthanum-doping on photocatalytic properties of BiFeO3 for phenol degradation. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 37, 1283 -1292.

Mehrabadi, Z. S. (2016). Performance of advanced oxidation process (UV/O3/H2O2) degrading amoxicillin wastewater: A comparative study. Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater, 5, 222-231.

Oh, W. D., Dong, Z. & Lim, T. T. (2016). Generation of sulfate radical through heterogeneous catalysis for organic contaminants removal: current development, challenges and prospects. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 194, 169-201.

Pelaez, M., Nolan, N. T., Pillai, S. C., Seery, M. K., Falaras, P., Kontos, A. G., Dunlop, P. S. M., Hamilton, J. W. J., Byrne, J. A., Shea, K. O., Entezari, M. H. & Dionysiou, D. D. (2012). A review on the visible light active titanium dioxide photocatalysts for environmental applications. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 125, 331-349.

Saien, J., Ojaghloo, Z., Soleymani, A. R. & Rasoulifard, M. H. (2011). Homogeneous and heterogeneous AOPs for rapid degradation of Triton X-100 in aqueous media via UV light, nano titania hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulfate. Chemical Engineering Journal, 167, 172-182.

Saquib, M., Vinckier, C. & Van der Bruggen, B. (2010). The effect of UF on the efficiency of O3/H2O2 for the removal of organics from surface water. Desalination, 260, 39-42.

Sellers R. M. (1980). Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen peroxide using potassium titanium(IV) oxalate. Analyst, 105, 950-954.

Sengupta, S., Chattopadhyay, M. K. & Grossart, H. P. (2013). The multifaceted roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4(47), 1-13.

Sharma, S. P. & Ruparelia, J. P. (2017). Synergistic effect of O3/UV/ps process for oxidation of reactive dyes: effects of operating parameters. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 8(2), 49-57.

Shen, X., Jin, G., Zhao, Y. & Shao, X. (2020). Prevalence and distribution analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in a large-scale aquaculture environment. Science of the Total Environment, 711, 134626.

Wang, J., Zhou, T., Mao, J. & Wu, X. (2015). Comparative study of sulfamethazine degradation in visible light induced photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-like systems. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 3, 2393-2400.

Wang, W. L., Wu, Q. Y., Huang, N., Wang, T. & Hu, H. Y. (2016). Synergistic effect between UV and chlorine (UV/chlorine) on the degradation of carbamazepine: Influence factors and radical species. Water Research, 98, 190-198.

Wu, C. H. & Ng, H. Y. (2008). Degradation of C.I. reactive red 2 (RR2) using ozone-based systems: comparisons of decolorization efficiency and power consumption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 152, 120-127.

Wu, J. T., Wu, C. H., Liu, C. Y. & Huang, W. J. (2015). Photodegradation of sulfonamide antimicrobial compounds (sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfathiazole) in various UV/oxidant systems. Water Science and Technology, 71(3), 412-418.

Wu, C. H., Wu, J. T. & Lin, Y. H. (2016). Mineralization of sulfamethizole in photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-like systems. Water Science and Technology, 73(4), 746-750.

Xing, Z. P., Sun, D. Z., Yu, X. J., Zou, J. L. & Zhou, W. (2014). Treatment of antibiotic fermentation-based pharmaceutical wastewater using anaerobic and aerobic moving bed biofilm reactors combined with ozone/hydrogen peroxide process. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 33, 170-177.

Xu, Y., Wu, Y., Zhang, W., Fan, X., Wang, Y. & Zhang, H. (2018). Performance of artificial sweetener sucralose mineralization via UV/O3 process: Kinetics, toxicity and intermediates. Chemical Engineering Journal, 353, 626-634.

Yang, Y., Guo, H., Zhang, Y., Deng, Q. & Zhang, J. (2016). Degradation of bisphenol a using ozone/persulfate process: kinetics and mechanism. Water Air Soil Pollution, 227, 1-12.

Yu, M., Teel, A. L. & Watts, R. J. (2016). Activation of peroxymonosulfate by subsurface minerals. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 191, 33-43.

Yu, X. Y., Bao, Z. C. & Barker, J. R. (2004). Free radical reactions involving Cl• , Cl2-•, and SO4-• in the 248 nm photolysis of aqueous solutions containing S2O82- and Cl. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 108, 295-308.

Yu, Y. H., Ma, J. & Hou, Y. J. (2006). Degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by ozone-hydrogen peroxide process. Journal of Enuironmend Scietlces, 18, 1043-1049.

Yue, P. L. (1993). Modelling of kinetics and reactor for water purification by photo-oxidation. Chemical Engineering Science, 48, 1–11.

Zangeneh, H., Zinatizadeh, A. A. L. & Feizy, M. (2014). A comparative study on the performance of different advanced oxidation processes (UV/O3/H2O2) treating linear alkyl benzene (LAB) production plant’s wastewater. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20, 1453-1461.

Zhou, X., Liu, D., Zhang, Y., Chen, J., Chu, H. & Qian, Y. (2018). Degradation mechanism and kinetic modeling for UV/peroxydisulfate treatment of penicillin antibiotics. Chemical Engineering Journal, 341, 93-101.

張峻誠，(2017) 以生物濾床工法改善海水養殖水體環境之研究，國立中山大學，碩士論文。

黃薾嫻，(2018) 臭氧結合紫外光、過氧化氫及過硫酸鈉程序降解水中磺胺劑之研究，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。

楊幸僖，(2012) 臭氧結合紫外光/過氧化氫程序降解水中環境荷爾蒙類物烷基苯酚之研究，國立中央大學，碩士論文。

蔡伊婷，(2019) 利用臭氧、過氧化氫及過硫酸鈉之氧化處理程序礦化水中磺胺噻唑之研究，國立高雄科技大學，碩士論文。