臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近代快速打樣成型機的發展中，最廣泛使用的是積層製造，主要原因在於機台和使用之材料成本較為親民，實驗室、研發企業、小團體工作室甚至是個人使用者皆可負擔，但是積層製造往往被人詬病精度較差、成品表面不佳或強度不高等問題，因此僅使用於開發模型或是打樣的階段，雖然近幾年新的光固化積層製造可解決精度問題，但強度仍會被與射出成型的成品做比較；本研究目的為提供研究人員可參考之文獻與材料列印參數，用於減少實驗次數或產品開發，在積層製造上所消耗的時間。
透過列印實驗發現，3D列印的成型方向會影響成品的機械性質，以熔融擠料型(FDM)3D列印機為例，平躺方向的強度及韌性較高，適用於印製有強度需求之零組件，除了成品強度外，外觀尺寸和品質也是使用者所考量的問題，經由調整不同參數探討製程參數對於成品之影響與變化，發現在不同溫度與速度下成品尺寸也會有所差異，速度約為50mm/s時尺寸會相對精準，溫度越低尺寸偏移量越小，而透過外觀品質的穩定性中可得知溫度會影響表面的品質，速度會影響邊角的品質，越高的速度和溫度會造成缺陷和破損變多，使模型的品質下降，故建議調整列印參數為速度50mm/s以內、溫度200℃以下；從光固化實驗中可得知，一樣有成品方向之強度差異性，且以垂直方向之強度為最高；最後材料強度強化實驗中，添加石墨烯的光固化成品，在拉伸強度上有明顯的提升，證實可透過添加強化材料提升材料強度。

In the development of modern processing and molding machines, the most widely used is lamination manufacturing . Affordable, but lamination manufacturing is often criticized for poor accuracy, poor surface or low strength of finished products, so it is only used in the stage of developing models or proofing. However, the strength will still be compared with the injection molded product. Through printing experiments, it is found that the molding direction of 3D printing will affect the mechanical properties of the finished product. It has high strength and toughness, and is suitable for printing components with strength requirements. In addition to the strength of the finished product, the appearance size and quality are also considered by the user. The purpose of this study is to provide researchers with a reference to reduce the time spent on build-up manufacturing for experiments or product development.
By adjusting different parameters to discuss the influence and changes of the process parameters on the finished product, it is found that the size of the finished product will vary at different temperatures and speeds. When the speed is about 50mm/s, the size will be relatively accurate. The lower the temperature, the smaller the size offset. From the stability of the appearance quality, it can be known that the temperature will affect the the quality of the surface and the speed will affect the quality of the edges and corners. Higher speed and temperature will cause more defects and damage, which will reduce the quality of the model. Therefore, it is recommended to adjust the printing parameters to the speed within 50mm/s and the temperature below 200℃; It can be seen from the photo-curing experiment that there is also a difference in strength in the direction of the finished product, and the strength in the vertical direction is the highest; in the final material strengthening experiment, the photo-cured product added with graphene has a significant increase in tensile strength. , it is confirmed that the strength of the material can be improved by strengthening the material.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
一、 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究目的 5
1.4 論文架構 6
二、 文獻參考 7
2.1 3D列印機的種類 8
2.1.1 FDM卡式座標型 8
2.1.2 FDM極座標(Delta型) 11
2.1.3 FDM其他種類 13
2.1.4 光固化型 14
2.2 成型類型 16
2.2.1 熔融積層(Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM) 16
2.2.2 光固化 17
2.3 材料性質 20
2.3.1 Polylactic Acid, PLA 20
2.3.2 光敏樹酯 21
2.4 研究方法 22
2.4.1 尺寸與品質穩定性 22
2.4.2 成型方向強度差異性 22
2.4.3 改善材料強度 22
2.4.4 實驗規範 23
三、 列印實驗-FDM列印機 24
3.1 機台架構 24
3.1.1 實驗機台介紹 24
3.1.2 線材選用 25
3.2 拉伸強度實驗方法與流程 26
3.2.1 實驗目標和方法 27
3.2.2 試片尺寸 27
3.2.3 3D建模 27
3.2.4 設定參數 29
3.2.5 支撐材架設 35
3.2.6 列印試片 37
3.2.7 破壞試驗 40
3.3 尺寸與品質穩定性實驗方法及流程 41
3.3.1 實驗目標和方法 42
3.3.2 模型特徵 42
3.3.3 3D建模 42
3.3.4 參數設定 44
3.3.5 列印模型 45
3.4 小結 47
3.4.1 各方向成型試片抗拉強度比較 47
3.4.2 尺寸量測比較 52
3.4.3 表面品質比較 60
四、 列印實驗-光固化列印機 70
4.1 機台架構 70
4.1.1 實驗機台介紹 70
4.1.2 材料選用 72
4.2 拉伸強度實驗方法與流程 73
4.2.1 實驗目標和方法 74
4.2.2 設定參數 74
4.2.3 支撐材架設 78
4.2.4 列印試片 80
4.2.5 破壞試驗 81
4.3 強度改善實驗方法與流程 83
4.3.1 實驗目標和方法 84
4.3.2 規劃添加量 85
4.3.3 設定參數 87
4.3.4 列印試片 88
4.3.5 破壞試驗 89
4.4 小結 90
4.4.1 各方向抗拉強度比較 90
4.4.2 試片抗拉強度比較 95
五、 結論與未來建議 101
5.1 結論 101
5.2 未來建議 102
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