臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於碳纖維複合材料具有高強度、高模數與重量輕等特性，因此被廣泛使用於汽車、船舶與航太相關的產業。複材產品的製程上會依據不同產品的設計需求進行最佳化纖維的疊層，但不論材料性質如何的優異，製程時會因疊層角度的誤差而對產品的結構性能造成影響，此誤差小則是材料損壞，大則有使用者生命之疑慮。
本文研究目的是探討碳纖維複合材料之材料測試條件對於測試結果的影響，進而探討不同測試速度及試片準備方式等相關測試條件下，透過拉伸試驗、壓縮試驗、三點彎曲試驗進行測試探討其機械性質影響。由拉伸實驗結果得知在不同測試速度下0.5至10 mm/min，單軸向碳纖維最佳測試速度為3(mm/min)，雙軸向編織碳纖維最佳測試速度為3(mm/min)，而純樹脂對於拉伸速度的快慢較無影響。在纖維誤差角度探討的部份，單軸向碳纖維對於纖維角度的誤差極為敏感，0°單軸向碳纖維在拉伸及壓縮試驗中誤差可被容許的角度應小於1°及3°，90°單軸向碳纖維在拉伸及壓縮試驗中可容許的誤差角度應小於87°及80°，雙軸向編織碳纖維在拉伸及壓縮試驗中可容許的誤差角度皆應小於5°。三點彎曲試驗中單軸向碳纖維及雙軸向編織碳纖維因裁切試片所產生的誤差角度皆應小於5°，在三點彎曲試驗的部分以不同跨距對於試驗結果之影響，由實驗結果得知單軸向碳纖維及雙軸向編織碳纖維在三點彎曲試驗中最佳試片厚度與跨距比皆為1:40倍。

Composite materials have been widely used in industries related to automobiles, ships and aerospace due to their outstanding material properties. The process of the composite product will be based on the design requirements of different products to optimize fiber orientation of the composite laminates. However, the error of the fiber orientation during laying up the laminas results in the decrease in the structure performance of the composite products. This may cause the material damage and the user’s life.
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the testing conditions of composite materials on the testing results. The effect caused by the testing speeds and conditions of sample preparations on the mechanical properties was investigated by using tensile, compression and three-point bending tests. From the experimental results, the optimal test speed of the UD (uni-directional) CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) is 3mm/min, and is 3mm/min for woven CFRP laminates. For the polymer bulk sample, there is no effect on the testing speed of the tensile performance. As for the fiber orientation error, UD carbon composite laminates are extremely sensitive to the fiber angle. The error of 0° UD CFRP in tensile and compression test can be allowed to be less than 1° and 3°, respectively. The allowable error fiber angle of 90° UD CFRP in tensile and compression tests should be less than 87° and 80°. The allowable error angle of woven CFRP laminates in both tensile and compression tests should be less than 5°. In the three-point bending test, the error angle of the fiber orientation of the UD CFRP composite laminates and woven laminates due to the cutting process in the sample preparation should be less than 5°, the influence of the different span rations on the flexural properties was examined by the experiment. The results show that the best span ration to the thickness of the specimens of the UD and woven CFRP laminates are 1:40 in the three-point bending test.

口試審訂書 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
致謝 vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 xvi
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究動機與目的 5
1.4 論文架構 6
第2章 複合材料與測試理論背景 7
2.1 複合材料介紹 7
2.1.1 基材(Matrix) 7
2.1.1.1 熱塑性塑膠 7
2.1.1.2 熱固性塑膠 9
2.1.2 補強材(Reinforcement) 11
2.1.2.1 玻璃纖維 11
2.1.2.2 碳纖維 11
2.1.2.3 Kevlar纖維 12
2.1.2.4 硼纖維 12
2.1.2.5 碳化矽纖維 13
2.1.3 材料常數 13
2.1.4 材料強度 14
2.2 FRP背景 17
2.3 複合材料-拉伸試驗 19
2.4 複合材料-壓縮試驗 25
2.5 複合材料-三點彎曲試驗 31
2.6 基材純樹脂拉伸性能試驗 36
第3章 實驗材料與測試設備 39
3.1 實驗選用材料 39
3.1.1 碳纖維複合材料 39
3.1.2 純樹脂材料 43
3.2 實驗試片成型之相關材料 44
3.3 實驗試片成型之相關設備 51
3.4 實驗測試量測之相關設備 60
第4章 實驗流程與方法 66
4.1 實驗試片製作 66
4.1.1 實驗流程表 66
4.2 單軸向、雙軸向編織碳纖維試片製作 67
4.3 拉伸試驗及壓縮試驗試片製作 71
4.4 三點彎曲試驗試片製作 75
4.5 純樹脂板拉伸試片製作 76
4.6 CFRP拉伸測試方法及流程 (Tensile Test) 80
4.7 CFRP壓縮測試方法及流程 (Compressive Test) 82
4.8 CFRP三點彎曲測試方法及流程 (Three-Point Bending Test) 84
第5章 結果與討論 86
5.1 不同速度之拉伸試驗 86
5.1.1 單軸向碳纖維不同速度拉伸試驗結果 86
5.1.2 雙軸向編織不同速度拉伸試驗結果 89
5.1.3 純樹脂板不同速度拉伸試驗結果 92
5.2 不同纖維角度之拉伸試驗 95
5.2.1 單軸向0°方向不同纖維角度拉伸試驗結果 95
5.2.2 單軸向90°方向不同纖維角度拉伸試驗結果 99
5.2.3 雙軸向編織不同纖維角度拉伸試驗結果 103
5.3 不同纖維角度之壓縮試驗 107
5.3.1 單軸向0°方向不同纖維角度壓縮試驗結果 107
5.3.2 單軸向90°方向不同纖維角度壓縮試驗結果 111
5.3.3 雙軸向編織不同纖維角度之壓縮試驗結果 115
5.4 不同纖維角度之三點彎曲試驗 119
5.4.1 單軸向不同纖維角度之三點彎曲試驗結果 119
5.4.2 雙軸向編織不同纖維角度之三點彎曲試驗結果 123
5.5 不同跨距之三點彎曲試驗 127
5.5.1 單軸向不同跨距之三點彎曲試驗結果 127
5.5.2 雙軸向編織不同跨距之三點彎曲試驗結果 130
第6章 結論 133
參考文獻 136
簡歷 140
第7章 數據附件 141

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