回收再生循環是目前輪胎產業中重要的課題，以水裂解的方式處理廢輪胎是近期發展之技術，相較其它處理方式，有低碳排放、能耗低、無熱效應等特點，且可以產生細小未脫硫的原始橡膠顆粒，適合添加於再生製品中，落實綠色循環永續的經濟模式。本研究採用較為低壓的方式加上使用無鑽經電解拋光的不鏽鋼噴嘴，降低碳排放及噴嘴成本，評估對於輪胎水裂解的成效。水刀技術的重要關鍵，是可以將水能量集中並且形成細刺之噴嘴，該零件需要具有高精度、良好的平整性及耐蝕性，確保水射流的穩定性和精準度，也是該技術中會磨損需要更換之零件耗材。因此本研究利用逆向建模光學量測和精微內孔加工技術，將不鏽鋼噴嘴尺寸製作精確，並且利用電解拋光技術，處理傳統機械式拋光難以處理的內部流道表面，提升廢輪胎水刀裂解之產能及降低能耗，擴展廢輪胎再資源化的市場。此外，研究中建立一套水裂解驗證平台以及影像分析方式，針對水裂解的橡膠顆粒及不鏽鋼噴嘴進行檢測，評估水裂解之效果及電解拋光表面處理的有效性。
研究結果顯示，在降低能耗與噴嘴成本的情況下，可成功將機車輪胎中的橡膠與合成纖維做分離，仍然具有良好的水裂解成效，減少對於環境的衝擊影響。由膠粉影像分析結果趨勢可預期，若噴嘴孔徑擴大時，使得粗顆粒橡膠比例增加及縱橫比變異性變大，必須要以更高的工作壓力及功耗，膠粉才能破碎得更完整精細，達到市場要求，需耗費更多的能源，因此將噴嘴內部流道做表面處理降低磨損是有其必要性，能將其壽命提升也能讓能耗降低。研究中驗證了使用簡易系統設備與添加劑電解拋光不鏽鋼水刀噴嘴，可有效消除在精微放電加工過程中出現的微裂紋與氣孔缺陷，最終的金屬表面光滑且有光澤，可產生潔淨的噴嘴零件，使其防止水分積聚、抗鏽蝕，且磨損以及擴孔較為線性均勻，該技術方法可以有效提升耐磨性與耐蝕性，延長使用壽命。

Recycling and sustainable circular economy are crucial issues in the tire industry. Waterjet pulverization of waste tires is a recent technology that offers advantages such as low carbon emissions, low energy consumption, and no thermal effects compared to other treatment methods. This method can produce fine rubber particles with minimal desulfurization, making them suitable for incorporation into recycled products, contributing to a green and sustainable economic model. In this study, a low-pressure waterjet pulverization process was employed, and stainless steel nozzles treated with non-drilling electropolishing were used to reduce carbon emissions and nozzle costs while evaluating the effectiveness of tire waterjet pulverization.
The key to waterjet technology lies in the ability to concentrate water energy and form fine jets. The nozzle component must possess high precision, good flatness, and corrosion resistance to ensure the stability and accuracy of waterjet streams. The nozzle is also a consumable part that undergoes wear and requires replacement. Therefore, this study used reverse modeling optical measurement and micro-inner hole processing techniques to fabricate precise stainless steel nozzle dimensions. Electropolishing was applied to treat the inner flow channel surface, which is difficult to process with conventional mechanical polishing, to improve waste tire waterjet pulverization capacity and reduce energy consumption, thus expanding the market for waste tire recycling. Additionally, a waterjet pulverization verification platform and image analysis method were established in the study to assess the effectiveness of waterjet pulverization of rubber particles and the surface treatment of stainless steel nozzles.
The research results showed that under reduced energy consumption and nozzle costs, rubber and synthetic fiber in motorcycle tires can be successfully separated with good waterjet pulverization efficiency, thereby minimizing environmental impacts. The trends in rubber powder image analysis indicate that enlarging the nozzle aperture increases the proportion of coarse rubber particles and the variability of aspect ratios, requiring higher working pressure and power consumption to achieve more complete and fine pulverization to meet market demands. This necessitates the surface treatment of the nozzle's inner flow channel to reduce wear, extend its lifespan, and lower energy consumption. The study verified that using a simple system and additive-assisted electropolishing of stainless steel waterjet nozzles effectively eliminates micro-cracks and pores that appear during micro-electrical discharge machining. The resulting metal surface is smooth and lustrous, producing clean nozzle components with resistance to water accumulation and rust. The wear and orifice expansion are more linear and uniform, and this technology effectively enhances wear resistance and corrosion resistance, thereby extending the nozzle's lifespan.

摘要......i
Abstract......iii
誌謝......v
目錄......vi
表目錄......viii
圖目錄......x
第一章 緒論......1
1.1前言......1
1.2 文獻回顧......6
1.2.1 水刀技術原理與應用......6
1.2.2 水刀式裂解廢輪胎......10
1.2.3 水射流噴嘴流道設計與驗證......13
1.2.4 噴嘴材質種類......15
1.2.5 電解拋光基礎理論與參數條件......17
1.2.5.1 材料去除機制......17
1.2.5.2 電化學反應曲線......18
1.2.5.3 黏膜理論......20
1.2.5.4 電解拋光參數條件......21
1.3 研究動機與目的......31
第二章 研究設備、材料與方法......32
2.1 研究設備與材料......33
2.1.1 水刀式裂解廢輪胎平台設備......33
2.1.2 試片、管件材質與前處理設備......37
2.1.3 電化學反應曲線量測設備、電解拋光系統設備及電解液......41
2.1.4 分析儀器及量測設備......45
2.1.4.1 表面粗糙度儀......45
2.1.4.2 工具光學顯微鏡......49
2.1.4.3 水接觸角量測儀......50
2.1.4.4 3D全角度光學顯微鏡......53
2.1.4.5 掃描式電子顯微鏡暨能量散射光譜儀......54
2.1.4.6 里氏硬度計......56
2.1.4.7 微型內視鏡......58
2.1.4.8 電子精密天平......59
2.1.5 膠粉影像分析設備......60
2.1.6 影像分析軟體......61
2.1.7 真空脫泡機......62
2.2 研究方法......63
2.2.1 水刀式裂解平台操作流程......63
2.2.2 噴嘴元件逆向工程建模、材質判定與重製流程......64
2.2.3 電化學反應曲線量測流程......65
2.2.4 電解拋光處理、表面粗糙度及水接觸角量測流程......66
2.2.5 影像分析流程......70
2.2.6 噴嘴流道磨損分析流程......73
第三章 結果與討論......75
3.1 水裂解初步實驗結果......75
3.2 噴嘴逆向量測建模及重新製作結果......79
3.3 膠粉影像分析結果......87
3.4 電化學反應曲線及電解拋光結果......94
3.4.1 SUS304 不鏽鋼試片結果......94
3.4.2 SUS630 不鏽鋼試片結果......99
3.4.3 應用結果......113
3.5 噴嘴磨損分析結果......121
第四章 結論......127
第五章 研究限制與未來研究建議......129
參考文獻......130
Extended Abstract......137

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