臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在工業4.0的國際發展趨勢下，工業化國家透過發展智慧製造來提升產業的競爭力。因此隨著先進技術的發展和對新零件及產品的機械功能需求的增加，對於零件的生產性和複雜性的需求也就不斷提升。
因此積層製造 (AM) 也稱為 3D 列印，也就因應整體少量多樣需求而快速地發展。然而如何提升3D列印機的機械性能，其中模擬是設計和分析是重要的工具，在製造之前就可以預測所開發機台的特性。在這項研究中，我們進行了機台在空間中之靜態精度分析、模態特性分析和頻譜響應分析等，主要是要預測 3D 列印機的靜動態特性。在這項研究中，我們從模擬得到3D列印機的自然頻率、振動頻率和動態剛性值，利用不同的分析功能研究了3D列印機的結構行為。我們使用 Ansys 軟體對 3D 打印機的結構進行了動態響應、靜態結構變形和熱變形分析。為了將實際振動特性與分析結果進行比較，我們進行了 3D 列印機的模態測試比對。研究結果顯示模擬結果與實驗結果有一致性。因此我們可以運用模擬分析結果作為研究3D列印機靜動態特性與設計改善提升的重要方法。本研究所建立的分析與測試技術，可以廣泛的運用在機台的設計開發過程。

After the initiative of industrial revolution all nations moved towards upgrading and generating new technologies by using engineering principles for production and manufacturing. In the same way with the development of advanced technologies and machinery need of new parts and products has increased which including complexity in design based on the usages of parts for production and manufacturing. Looking ahead of new technologies Additive Manufacturing (AM) also referred as 3-dimensional(3D) printing is one of the smart and fast-growing technology.
Simulation is a useful tool in designing and analysis, to predict the characteristics of the system being studied. In this research modal simulation and harmonic response analysis aim to predict the dynamic characteristics of the 3D printer, in this research we used PrusaI3 MK3S+. From the simulations were obtained, the value of personal frequency (natural frequency), vibration mode (shape mode), and compliance of the 3D printer machine study the structural behavior of the 3D printing machine by using different analysis results. One of the important of them is modal analysis as it assist in detecting the natural frequencies and modes of the structure which plays main roles in studying the structural behavior. Along with model analysis we conducted harmonic response, static structural of 3D printing machine using Ansys 19.2 software. To compare the real time vibrational deformation with analysis results we have conducted impact hammer test on 3d printing machine to obtain the results. The first three-order frequency analysis results are 25.5 Hz, 35.3 Hz and 45.5 Hz. The first three-order frequency of modal teat are 22.5 Hz, 31.3 Hz and 49.4 Hz. The first three-order error percentages of the analysis results are 13.3%, 12.7%, and 7.8. The product of the machine also shows quite good quality. Thus, modal simulation analysis can be used as a preliminary study to study the dynamic characteristics of a 3D printer machine.

Abstract......i
摘要......iii
Acknowledgements......iv
Table of Contents......v
List of Tables......viii
List of Figures......x
Symbol Description......xii
Chapter 1 Introduction......1
1.1 The Goal of the Study......1
1.2 Introduction to Manufacturing......1
1.3 Literature Review......2
1.4 Thesis Outline......6
Chapter 2 3DPrinting (or) Additive Manufacturing......8
2.1 Additive Manufacturing......8
2.1.1 Types of Additive Technologies......9
2.2 3D printing processes......13
2.3 Working Principle of FDM......14
2.4 Model and Specifications of 3d Printer Used......15
2.4.1 Model......15
2.4.2 Specifications......15
Chapter 3 Conceptual Background and Experimental Methods......17
3.1 Modal and Vibrational Concept Fundamentals......17
3.1.1 Single Degree of Freedom......17
3.1.2 An Overview of Experimental Modal Analysis......19
3.1.3 Basic Model Analysis Terminology......20
3.2 Introduction to Finite Element Method......22
3.2.1 Basic Finite Element Method Terminology......22
3.2.2 Transient Dynamic Analysis......23
3.3 Static balance equation......24
3.3.1 Area coordinate system......24
3.3.2 Global coordinate system......25
3.4 Heat Transfer Principle......28
3.4.1 Heat Conduction......28
3.4.2 Heat Convection......29
3.5 Experiment apparatus......29
3.5.1 Impact Hammer......29
3.5.2 Acceleration gauge......31
3.5.3 Signal data collector......32
3.5.4 Vibration Measurement Software......32
3.5.5 Modal analysis software......33
3.5.6 Three-dimensional coordinate measurement software......34
Chapter 4 3D printing machine model.......35
4.1 Finite Element Model......35
4.1.1 Model simplification......35
4.1.2 Create a finite element model (FEM)......35
4.1.3 Material Properties......36
4.2 Mesh Configuration Setting......37
4.3 Finite element analysis......38
4.3.1 Static rigidity analysis......38
4.3.2 Modal analysis......40
4.3.3 Harmonic response (Spectrum analysis)......42
4.3.4 Transient analysis......44
4.4. Spatial position error analysis......44
4.4.1 Static rigidity analysis of spatial position......46
4.4.2 Spatial position modal analysis......57
Chapter 5 Experimental Modal Analysis and Verification......62
5.1 Modal Testing Experiment......62
5.1.1 Point Distribution......62
5.1.2 Modal Testing......63
5.1.3 Structural Modal parameters-curve fitting......66
5.2 Analysis and experimental verification......68
5.3 Straightness measurement of 3D printer......69
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Prospects......74
6.1 Conclusion......74
6.2 Future Prospects......75
References......76
Extended Abstract......78

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