臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

空調通風系統已成為許多建築物的必要設備。其中，室內送風機（FCU）是台灣建築物中小尺寸居室最常設置的空調通風系統。空調工程師通常根據熱舒適性和成本來設計FCU空調系統進風口及回風口的位置。然而，並不會考量該位置是否會影響火災成長。此外，在先前許多文獻中，建築物的消防安全設計和管理很少討論關閉空調的時間對於火災成長的影響。在本研究中，一個2 MW火源設計在3個不同形狀但面積相同居室的中心或角落，利用火災模擬軟體(FDS)研究進風口或回風口相關位置對火災成長的影響。另外在相同的居室大小、進風口及回風口下延伸上述的研究，探討火源設計在居室的中心或角落，在居室門口開啟或關閉下FCU系統進風口對火災成長之影響。
在第一項研究中，模擬結果顯示，進風口和出風口的位置會影響煙的流動、門口溫度和閃燃發生的時間。進風口最好設置在門口的附近，因為進風口向下流動的冷空氣可以冷卻從門排出的熱煙流。遠離門口的回風口有效率地將煙流排出，而靠近門口的回風口在排煙時會包含部分的新鮮空氣。此外，回風口位置對閃燃發生時間的影響比進風口位置大。回風口立即將煙流排出，而進風口則需要些時間將蓄積的煙流推向回風口來排出。在第二項研究中，模擬結果顯示，無論是否打開空調，當居室門口關閉時，熱釋放率(HRR)和室內溫度明顯降低。主要是燃燒所需的空氣不足。當居室門口開啟時，關掉空調可以有效降低火災初期的HRR和室內溫度。然而，隨著火災持續成長，開啟的空調有助於減少煙層熱輻射回饋燃料而HRR也隨之減少。因此，空調通風系統會提供氧氣一定助長火災成長的結論並不總是正確的。

Air conditioning ventilation systems have become an essential equipment for many buildings. Among them, a fan coil unit (FCU) system is the most commonly installed in the small and medium room of buildings in Taiwan. Air conditioning engineers usually design the inlet or outlet position of an FCU system according to thermal comfort and cost. However, the effect of the position on fire growth has not been considered. In addition, the fire safety design and management in buildings rarely discuss the effect of time to turn off air conditioning on fire growth in previous literatures. In this study, a 2MW fire was designed in the center or corner of three rooms with different shapes but identical areas and the effect of the relative inlet and outlet positions was investigated using fire dynamics simulator (FDS). Furthermore, extend the above study under the same room size, air inlet and return air outlet. A fire was designed in the center and corner of a room and the effect of air inlet actions of an FCU system with the door opened or closed was also investigated.
In the first study, the simulation results revealed that the air inlet and outlet positions influence the smoke movement, doorway temperature and time to flashover. The air inlet is best installed near the door because the downward flowing cold air can cool the hot smoke exiting from the door. The air outlet positioned far from the doorway efficiently enables the smoky air to move outward, while it positioned near the doorway exhausts some fresh air. Furthermore, the air outlet position has a larger influence on flashover than the air inlet position. The air outlet immediately exhausts the smoke, while the air inlet takes some time to push the accumulated smoke into the air outlet. In the second study, simulation results using FDS demonstrate that the heat release rate (HRR) and room temperature obviously decrease when the room doorway is closed, regardless of whether the air conditioner is turned on. The air supply for combustion is poor. When the door of the room is opened, turning off the air conditioner can effectively reduce the HRR and the room temperature in the early stages of fire growth. However, along with the fire growth, turning on air conditioning can help decrease the heat radiation feedback of smoke layer on fuel and the consequent HRR. Therefore, the conclusion that air conditioning ventilation system always enhances a fire because it provides oxygen may not always be correct.

中文摘要　 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i
英文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ii
誌謝 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iv
目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v　
表目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vii
圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ viii
符號說明 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xi
壹、緒論 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
一、研究動機與目的 ----------------------------------------------------------- 1
(一) 研究動機 ------------------------------------------------------------ 1
(二) 研究目的 ------------------------------------------------------------ 2
二、研究方法與步驟 -------------------------------------------------------------- 2
三、研究範圍與限制 -------------------------------------------------------------- 4
貳、文獻探討 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
一、侷限空間火災成長 --------------------------------------------------------- 5
(一) 火災成長歷程 ------------------------------------------------------- 5
(二) 閃燃現象發生分析 ---------------------------------------------------- 8
二、侷限空間空調通風設計 --------------------------------------------------- 17
(一) 空調系統之組成及運作 ------------------------------------------------- 17
(二) 臺灣地區空調通風系統之消防規定 ---------------------------------- 19
1、空調通風系統進風口與回風口之位置 -------------------------- 19
2、空調通風系統之開啟與關閉 -------------------------------------- 19
三、侷限空間通風對火災成長之影響 ----------------------------------------- 23
(一) 自然通風對火災成長之影響 --------------------------------------- 26
1、單開口之自然通風 -------------------------------------------------- 26
2、雙開口之自然通風 -------------------------------------------------- 29
(二) 機械通風對火災成長之影響 ------------------------------------------ 33
1、通風流速 -------------------------------------------------------------- 34
2、開口位置 -------------------------------------------------------------- 35
(三) 自然與機械混合通風對對火災成長之影響 ------------------------ 37
四、侷限空間火災模擬軟體FDS介紹 ---------------------------------------- 40
(一) FDS模擬運算理論及架構 --------------------------------------------- 41
(二) FDS模擬數據分析後處裡工具Smokeview架構 ------------------- 44



參、FCU空調系統開口位置對火災成長影響之研究 ------------------------- 46
一、FCU空調系統開口位置研究之目的 ------------------------------------ 46
二、數值模擬(FDS)設計 -------------------------------------------------------- 47
(一) 網格參數(Grid parameters)設定 ------------------------------------- 47
(二) 火災情境設計 --------------------------------------------------------- 47
三、結果與討論 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 52
(一) 居室有無設置FCU空調系統對火災成長影響 -------------------- 56
1、火源在居室中間分析 ---------------------------------------------- 56
2、火源在居室角落分析 ---------------------------------------------- 61
(二) FCU空調系統開口位置對火災成長影響 -------------------------- 64
1、火源在居室中間分析 ---------------------------------------------- 65
2、火源在居室角落分析 ---------------------------------------------- 67
(三) 小結 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
肆、FCU空調系統與門口開啟或關閉對火災成長影響之研究 ------------ 71
一、FCU空調系統與門口開啟或關閉研究之目的 -------------------------- 71
二、數值模擬(FDS)設計 ---------------------------------------------------------- 72
(一) 網格參數(Grid parameters)設定 --------------------------------------- 72
(二) 火災情境設計 ----------------------------------------------------------- 72
三、結果與討論 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 76
(一) 居室門口開啟下FCU空調系統開啟或關閉對火災成長影響 ---- 76
1、火源在居室中間分析 ------------------------------------------------ 76
2、火源在居室角落分析 ------------------------------------------------ 88
(二) 居室門口關閉下FCU空調系統開啟或關閉對火災成長影響 ------ 94
(三) FCU空調系統開啟或關閉對火災成長分析 ------------------------ 97
伍、結論 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
參考文獻 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101

附錄一 Investigation report of Bei-Men hospital fire in Taiwan on October
23rd 2012　　
附錄二 Effects of air inlet or outlet position of a fan coil unit ventilation
system on smoke movement and fire severity
附錄三 Effects of Time to Unactuate Air Conditioning on Fire Growth

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