臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地區石斑魚養殖產業近年來歷經季候變異、養殖環境惡化以及中國大陸石斑魚繁養殖技術迅速發展等威脅，因珍珠龍膽具備競爭優勢，故取而代之成為養殖主流魚種，惟其育苗過程的高殘食性、人工飼料馴餌效果不佳以及病毒性疾病難以克服仍是產業目前發展瓶頸。
本研究首先針對放養密度對於NNV病毒感染後所造成的致死率之影響進行探討，結果發現以放養密度0.2尾/L的組別有最低致死率為60%。另期望突破傳統管理模式，開發以水質改良劑-電解二氧化氯、鹽度調整或結合EDTA的處理方式，找到最適針對NNV病毒感染的處理對策，進而降低育苗過程的高死亡率，增加養殖經濟效益。
研究發現於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後，以放養密度0.2尾/L並配合每日以10 ppm的電解二氧化氯處理3次，可使病毒感染後的致死率降低至30%，另於育苗過程若將 鹽度預先調降至6 ppt，能降低病毒感染後致死率至50%，若能於病毒感染後再搭配每日以10 ppm 的EDTA處理1次，可使病毒感染後的致死率降低至35%。
參考上述實驗結果並於育苗過程落實養殖日常生產管理技術，再配合病毒性疾病感染的相關因應對策，將能有效提升育苗過程活存率與經濟效益。

In recent years, the grouper culture industry in Taiwan has been threatened by seasonal climate variation, deterioration of the culturing environment and the rapid development of the competitors from China. As a result, Tiger grouper ( Epinephelus fuscogutt atus ♀ ) × giant grouper ( Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ ) hybrid (named as TGGG hybrid grouper) has become a mainstream fish species in Taiwan due to its competitive advantages. However, the high cannibalism, low effectiveness in artificial feed post weaning and t he d ifficulties in against viral disease have been the bottlenecks in the TGGG hybrid grouper culturing industry.
In the first experiment, the effect of stocking density on the fatality rate after the Nervous Necrosis Virus(NNV) infection was investigated. The result shows fishes cultured at the 0.2 fish/L density has the lowest mortality rate of 60%. In the second experiment, we tried to explore the best control strategy for NVV infection with the use of the electrolytic chlorine dioxide based water quality im prover, salinity adjustment or the EDTA treatment.
The result shows when stocking at 0.2 fish/L density and applying 10ppm electrolytic chlorine dioxide treatment 3 times a day, the mortality rate could be reduced to 30%. When culturing the fish at 6 ppt salinity, the mortality rate could be reduced to 50%. When applying the 10 ppm EDTA treatment a day, the mortality rate could be reduced to 35%.By combining the daily production management techniques and the control strategies proposed in this study, we expect the survival rate in the culturing process could be increased and the business margin could be improved.

壹、前言.......................................................................................1
貳、文獻整理...............................................................................7
一、國內外石斑魚養殖產業發展現況調查.............................. 7
(一)國際間石斑魚主要生產國家的養殖現況............................7
(二)兩岸石斑魚養殖產業發展現況與經營瓶頸....................... 8
(三)台灣地區石斑魚養殖產業的產能變動情況.......................10
二、珍珠龍膽石斑的簡介與養殖..............................................11
三、石斑魚的殘食行為..............................................................12
四、石斑魚神經壞死病毒簡介 ................................................13
五、電解二氧化氯之特性與應用..............................................16
六、EDTA之特性與應用...........................................................19
七、益生菌於水產養殖的應用技術..........................................21
八、環境因子與魚類緊迫之關係..............................................27
參、材料與方法..........................................................................31
一、石斑魚神經壞死病毒的增殖..............................................31
二、石斑魚神經壞死病毒的分離與純化..................................31
三、石斑魚神經壞死病毒之力價測定......................................32
四、石斑魚神經壞死病毒之感受性試驗..................................32
五、樣本RNA的萃取................................................................33
六、樣品互補DNA之合成........................................................34
七、聚合酶連鎖反應...................................................................34
八、去氧核醣核酸電泳分析.......................................................34
九、即時定量PCR分析 (Real-time Quantitative PCR)............35
十、飼養密度對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率...................................................................................................36
十一、飼養密度以及應用電解二氧化氯處理對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率...........................................................................37
十二、鹽度調降對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後每日累積死亡率...................................................................................................38
十三、鹽度調降並配合EDTA處理對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率...........................................................................................39
十四、統計分析...........................................................................39
肆、實驗結果...............................................................................40
一、檢測疑似感染神經壞死病毒之珍珠龍膽腦組織中Mx與病毒相關基因之表現量...................................................................................................40
二、石斑魚神經壞死病毒力價測定...........................................40
三、珍珠龍膽以不同劑量神經壞死病毒進行感染後之每日累積死亡率...................................................................................................41
四、飼養密度對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率.......................................................................................................41
五、飼養密度以及應用電解二氧化氯處理對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率...................................................................................42
六、鹽度調降對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率.......................................................................................................42
七、鹽度調降並配合EDTA處理對於珍珠龍膽感染神經壞死病毒後之每日累積死亡率……………………………………………………………........42
伍、討論與建議...............................................................................43
陸、附圖與附表...............................................................................48
柒、參考文獻...................................................................................58

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