臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中國大陸上汽通用(SGM)武漢廠反映Ti-IF鋼衝製後行李箱蓋，於塗裝後檢出橘皮缺陷，該橘皮於鋼板素材並不可見，需經衝壓後，在較大的變形下才出現的表面粗化巨觀缺陷。本次實驗目的為確認其他類型的GI-IF鋼，是否也有類似的的橘皮缺陷，其結論如下：
一. 採用雙軸向伸張成形法可成功評估IF鋼的表面橘皮條紋，其結果顯示YS<190MPa鋼種，成形後橘皮條紋主要受平均粒徑影響，平均粒徑愈小，橘皮條紋愈輕微；TS強度≥190MPa鋼種，橘皮條紋主要受強度影響，鋼料強度愈高，橘皮條紋愈輕微。
二. 透過金相試驗與硬度試驗發現高強度IF鋼板平均粒徑略為上升，硬度隨著衝程量而上升，而深衝IF鋼板平均粒徑隨衝程略微上升，而硬度至一定的衝程後出現軟化現象。
三. 四種IF鋼以γ-fiber({111}//ND)為主，其中以織構{111}<01 ̅1>與{111}<(11) ̅2>為最多，而隨著衝程的提高可能會導致Rotated Cube或Goss 的織構型態之數量增加或減少，且隨著衝程量的上升，垂直軋延方向的表面橘皮條紋轉化為不規則狀橘皮。
四. 於深衝鋼的EBSD試驗發現，隨著衝程量達10mm 時產生了大量的低角度方位差的次晶粒，而高角度方位差的晶粒在比例上明顯下降。大於 10mm 的衝程方面，高角度方位差的晶粒比例隨衝程量增加繼續下降，而{111}//ND與{001}//ND的體積分率隨著衝程量的增加而上升。

The SAIC-GM in Wuhan of mainland China reported that the orange-peel defects were found on painted truck lid made by Ti-IF steel. Because such defect normally caused by the deep drawing with severe plastic deformation, the aim of this study is to confirm that other types of GI-IF steel have similar defect or not. Results are shown as below:
1. The tested results for biaxial-stretch formation demonstrate that the situation of orange peel strips mainly depend on average grain size for the steel of YS<190MPa, where the smaller grain size, the more insignificant orange peel strips. As to the steels of TS>190 MPa, strength is the main factor for status of orange-peel defects. High strength reveals a positive effect on lightening such defect for steels.
2. Grain size is slightly increasing with drawing depth for high-strength IF steels and hardness is increasing with drawing depth for high-strength IF steels. However, deep-drawing IF steel shows a softening on hardness once the drawing depth higher than 10mm.
3. {111}<01 ̅1> and {111}<(11) ̅2> of γ-fiber predominate the texture for all IF steels in this study. Deep drawing lead to variation on quantity of texture with Rotated cube and Goss. Orange peel stripes perpendicular to rolling direction turn to irregular shape with the increasing of drawing depth.
4. EBSD results demonstrate that drawing depth with 10mm results in the formation of a large number of subgrain structure with low-angle misorientation. Grain structure with high-angle misorientation exhibits an inverse proportion to drawing depth higher than 10mm. Additionally, increasing the drawing depth can enhance the volume fraction of {111}//ND and {001}//ND.

目錄
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT v
致謝 vii
目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
圖目錄 xii
一、緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.2.1 鍍鋅鋼板 2
1.2.2 IF鋼歷史回顧 2
1.2.3 相關文獻 3
1.3 研究動機與內容 6
1.4 論文架構 7
二、研究理論 8
2.1 橘皮缺陷(Orange Peel)與測量 8
2.1.1 冷軋鋼板衝壓橘皮缺陷 8
2.1.2 表面粗糙度與表面波紋度測量 8
2.1.3 橘皮級數與波長的關係 9
2.2 不同元素對高強度IF鋼集合組織的影響 10
2.3 高強度(IF鋼)的集合組織 11
2.3.1 極圖(pole figure) 12
2.3.2 尤拉空間(Euler space) 與結晶方位分佈函數 (orientation distribution function, ODF) 12
2.3.3 電子背向散射繞射(Electron Backscatter Diffraction , EBSD) 13
2.3.4 冷軋集合組織 14
2.3.5 退火集合組織 14
2.4 高強度 IF 鋼的深衝性能及評價指標 16
2.4.1 r 值、n值與 IF 鋼的深衝性能的關係 16
第三章、實驗方法與設備 18
3.1 實驗流程 18
3.2 實驗材料 19
3.3 試片製備 19
3.4 分析方法與設備 19
3.4.1拉伸試驗 19
3.4.2表面粗糙度與表面波紋度 20
3.4.4金相試驗 20
3.4.5硬度分析 21
3.4.6 XRD極圖量測與ODF分析 21
3.4.7 EBSD微觀集合組織分析 23
第四章、結果與討論 24
4.1 不同元素高強度IF鋼之機械性質分析 24
4.2 NbTi-IF鋼橘皮分析 24
4.2.1 NbTi-IF鋼表面形貌分析 24
4.2.2 NbTi-IF鋼金相試驗與硬度試驗 25
4.2.3 NbTi-IF鋼集合組織分析 25
4.2.4 NbTi-IF鋼EBSD試驗晶粒取向圖分析 26
4.3 Mn-IF鋼橘皮分析 27
4.3.1 Mn-IF鋼表面形貌分析 27
4.3.2 Mn-IF鋼金相試驗與硬度試驗 27
4.3.3 Mn-IF鋼集合組織分析 28
4.4 MnNbTi-IF鋼橘皮分析 29
4.4.1 MnNbTi-IF鋼表面形貌分析 29
4.4.2 MnNbTi-IF鋼金相試驗與硬度試驗 29
4.4.3 MnNbTi-IF鋼集合組織的分析 30
4.5 MnP-IF鋼橘皮分析 31
4.5.1 MnP-IF鋼表面形貌分析 31
4.5.2 MnP-IF鋼金相試驗與硬度試驗 31
4.5.3 MnP-IF鋼集合組織分析 32
4.6 四種IF鋼橘皮分析小結 33
第五章、結論 34
參考文獻 36
表格 40
圖片 49
附錄 85

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