臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

文蛤為國內重要的經濟養殖貝類，近年來由於環境污染，季候變異及養殖管理不當等原因，以致育成率不佳且產量不穩定，除了影響業者收益，廢棄文蛤殼隨意丟置所衍生的環境衛生與民眾觀感問題已成為另一隱憂。 本研究以循環經濟-再生加值理念，將經過前處理之廢棄文蛤殼以較低溫度(約300°C) 模式進行鍛燒處理後，再壓碎成文蛤殼粉，並與市售常見碳酸鈣產品包含牡蠣殼粉、熟石灰、碳酸鈣與鎂鈣肥，透過相關分析試驗，比較低溫鍛燒文蛤殼粉與市售產品之差異及檢測其安全性，另也配合現場確效試驗的進行，實際探討並比較其應用於養殖過程之效益。
在產品安全性評估上，經過類弧菌檢測結果，鍛燒文蛤殼粉並未有菌落生長，顯示未含類弧菌。在毒性檢測結果顯示，施用高劑量的熟石灰會導致大量死亡情況(最低僅有47%活存率)，其他組別活存率均為100%。
於養殖效益相關試驗成果顯示，無論於文蛤成長率、殼重或殼厚度，均以牡蠣殼粉與鍛燒文蛤殼粉的組別有較佳之表現，其次為碳酸鈣與熟石灰的組別，鎂鈣肥的養殖效益最差。另於試驗期間也發現，雖然文蛤殼粉(粗)(41.3um)與牡蠣殼粉(40.7um)的粒徑大小差異不大，然而在高劑量使用過程，可能會因為兩者外殼的組成結構不同，以致實際應用於養殖過程時，無法作用完全或釋放，因而導致較難吸收且影響整體養殖效益。
本次試驗設計利用不同水底質改良劑添加於養殖池水，並觀測不同組別間的成長差異；透過本次結果發現低溫鍛燒文蛤殼粉可有效取代傳統養殖過程，業者經常施用的牡蠣殼粉、熟石灰及碳酸鈣產品，另可有效解決文蛤廢棄物的堆積與環境美化問題，並能創造其循環經濟與養殖應用價值，及符合養殖經濟效益。

The Asian hard clam is an economically important aquaculture shellfish in Taiwan. However, its yield has been poor and unstable in recent years due to environmental pollution, seasonal variations, and improper aquaculture management, affecting the profitability of the industry. Furthermore, the sanitary and public perception issues arising from the indiscriminate disposal of used clam shells following human consumption has become another concern.
The present study takes a circular economy-regenerative value addition approach. Pre-treated waste clam shells were calcined at a low temperature (about 300°C) and then crushed into clam shell powder. This was compared with common commercially available calcium carbonate products, including oyster shell powder, slaked lime, calcium carbonate, and magnesium-calcium fertilizers. Relevant analytical tests as well as on-site validation tests were performed to compare the low-temperature calcined clam shell powder and the commercially available products and test their safety, in order to investigate and evaluate their benefits for aquaculture applications.
Vibrio assay results indicated no colony growth on the low-temperature calcined clam shell powder, indicating that it did not contain any pathogenic bacteria. Toxicity testing also indicated that high doses of slaked lime resulted in high mortality (minimum survival rate was only 47%), whereas the survival rate in the other groups was 100%.
The experimental results showed that the oyster shell powder and low-temperature calcined clam shell powder had good performance regardless of the growth rate, shell weight, or shell thickness, followed by calcium carbonate and slaked lime. The magnesium-calcium fertilizer yielded the smallest benefit for aquaculture applications. In addition, although the difference in particle size between clam shell powder (41.3 µm) and oyster shell powder (40.7 µm) was not significant, the difference in the composition of the shells of the two species during the high-dose treatment may make it impossible for the two species to act similarly or be released in aquaculture applications, making it difficult to be absorbed and thus affecting overall aquaculture efficiency.
This study was designed to add different soil conditioners to aquaculture water and to observe the growth differences between different groups. The results showed that low-temperature calcined clam shell powder can effectively replace oyster shell powder, slaked lime, and calcium carbonate that are often used in conventional aquaculture processes. This effectively resolves the problems associated with clam waste accumulation and environmental restoration, creates a circular economy that adds value to aquaculture, and brings benefits to the economic efficiency of aquaculture.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
一、緒論 1
1.1 文蛤簡介 1
1.1.1 物種簡介 1
1.1.2 文蛤產業發展現況與面臨問題 1
1.2 水產廢棄物之再利用 4
1.2.1 廢棄物的定義及其分類 4
1.2.2 水產廢棄物的利用 5
1.3 二枚貝類之組成結構 6
1.4 鍛燒技術 7
1.5 研究動機與目的 8
二、材料與研究方法 9
2.1 鍛燒廢棄文蛤殼粉之製備 9
2.2 與市售產品顆粒外觀比較 10
2.3 與市售產品微生物比較試驗 10
2.4 與市售產品水中鈣離子比較試驗 11
2.5 與市售產品半致死濃度比較試驗 11
2.6 與市售產品養殖效益比較 12
2.7 統計分析 13
三、研究結果 14
3.1 顆粒外觀型態之觀察與比較 14
3.2 微生物指數比較分析 14
3.3 半致死濃度試驗與比較 14
3.4 水中鈣離子濃度試驗與比較 15
3.5 與市售產品養殖效益比較 15
四、討論 18
4.1 顆粒外觀型態之觀察與比較 18
4.2 微生物指數比較分析 18
4.3 半致死濃度試驗與比較 19
4.4 水中鈣離子濃度試驗與比較 19
4.5 與市售產品養殖效益比較 21
五、結論 25
參考文獻 26
研究結果圖表 30

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