臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

太陽能發電系統之輸出功率會隨著環境因素發生快速變化，將影響電網供電品質，為了降低太陽能發電系統對電網之衝擊，本論文研製具輸出功率平滑化之小容量太陽能發電系統，所發展的太陽能發電系統由太陽能電池模組、升壓式直流-直流轉換器、電池組與升降壓直流-交流逆變器所組成。本文在太陽能發電系統中利用電池儲能系統搭配平滑化控制方法，利用電池組儲能或釋能，使太陽能發電系統輸出功率變動量小於設定值，且只有當太陽能電池模組輸出功率變動量大於設定值時才啟動電池儲能系統，可降低電池組充放電容量，延長電池組使用壽命。本文提出之太陽能發電系統無論直流電源是太陽能電池模組或是電池組均只需經升降壓直流-交流逆變器轉換成交流電能，且太陽能電池模組對電池組充電也只需經升壓式直流-直流轉換器，可有效提升轉換效率，且升降壓直流-交流逆變器輸出不僅能調節實功率，也能調節虛功率。為了驗證本論文具輸出功率平滑化之小容量太陽能發電系統電路架構及控制方法之可行性，先進行電腦模擬，再以數位信號處理器晶片為控制器來完成一硬體雛型進行實測。

The output power of the solar power generation system will fast change due to environmental factors, and it will degrade the power quality of the grid. In order to reduce the impact of the solar power generation system on the grid, a small-capacity solar power generation system with output power smoothing is developed in this thesis. The developed solar power generation system is composed of a solar cell array, a DC-DC boost converter, a battery set and a buck-boost DC-AC inverter. The battery energy storage system with a smoothing control method is integrated to the solar power generation system, and the battery set is used to store or release energy to make the output power variation of the solar power generation system less than the set value. The battery energy storage system is activated only when the output power variation of the solar cell array is greater than the set value, which can reduce the charge/discharge capacity of the battery set to prolong the service life of the battery set. In the developed solar power generation system, no matter whether the DC power is from the solar cell array or the battery set, it only needs to be converted into AC power only by the buck-boost DC-AC inverter. In addition, the solar cell array charges the battery set only through the DC-DC boost converter. As a result, the power efficiency is improved in the developed solar power generation system. To verify the feasibility of the developed small-capacity solar power generation system and the smoothing control method, the computer simulations are completed first, and then a digital signal processor (DSP) controller based hardware prototype is established for practical experiment.

目錄
摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
致謝 iii
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2研究動機與目的 2
1-3論文大綱 4
第二章 太陽能發電系統 5
2-1太陽能電池 5
2-1-1矽材料太陽能電池 6
2-1-2化合物太陽能電池 7
2-1-3奈米/有機太陽能電池 7
2-2太陽能電池之特性 7
2-2-1照度與溫度對太陽能電池之影響 9
2-3太陽能發電系統輸出功率變動 11
2-3-1濾波器法 12
2-3-2移動平均法 12
2-3-3斜率控制法 13
2-4直流-交流電能轉換介面 14
2-4-1兩級架構之直流-交流電能轉換介面 14
2-4-2單級直流-交流電能轉換介面 19
第三章 具輸出功率平滑化之小容量太陽能發電系統 24
3-1輸出功率平滑化 25
3-2升降壓直流-交流逆變器 27
3-2-1電路架構 27
3-2-2操作原理 28
3-3升壓式直流-直流轉換器 40
3-4控制電路 45
3-5模擬結果 48
3-5-1升降壓直流-交流逆變器之模擬結果 48
3-5-2輸出功率平滑化之模擬結果 53
第四章 實驗結果與討論 56
4-1電路元件規格 56
4-2升降壓直流-交流逆變器之實測結果 58
4-2-1穩態響應 58
4-2-2暫態響應 60
4-2-3最大功率追蹤實測 62
4-2-4效率實測 64
4-3輸出功率平滑化之實測結果 65
第五章 結論與未來展望 72
5-1結論 72
5-2未來展望 73
參考資料 74

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