臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今環境中所含危害物已足夠威脅生態及人類健康，「環境荷爾蒙」（Environmental Hormones, EHs）是最嚴重的危害來源，包括有機汙染物、無機汙染物、塑膠及重金屬等，其中又以重金屬汙染占比大。重金屬汙染多半來自汙水、廢氣排放，過度排放會直接影響到水的污染程度增加，水中重金屬的汙染以汞最危險，重金屬累積在人體內會造成危害，長期暴露及接觸更會使致癌機率增加，為了避免人體會攝取過多含重金屬之食品，食品業者在原物料及產品的品質管制環節必須嚴格把關，使產品檢驗合格出口，同時讓消費者買得安心吃得健康。
食品中的重金屬在檢驗的方法多以高階儀器為主，例如: 感應耦合電漿質譜儀 (Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, ICP-MS)、汞原子螢光光譜儀 (mercury atomic fluorescence spectrometer, AFS)、直接進樣汞分析儀 (direct mercury analyzer, DMA)及原子吸收光譜儀 (atomic absorption spectrometer, AAS)。在一般食品廠、甚至是農漁業合作社單位是沒辦法進行此項檢驗項目的作業，往往因為檢驗的設備成本高、檢驗流程繁瑣、需要專業人員作業，使得業主通常都採第三方檢驗，快速且是可以被政府採納之結果，但是不可能作為逐批篩檢，無法達到即時監測的程度；而有些廠商則會使用快篩試紙做為檢測點的方法，但是多半都是定性結果，很難得到正確的檢驗結果。因此開發一種能夠快速檢驗重金屬的方法是必然的，能夠使食品廠在品質管制的控管更加有效率，同時降低業主的檢驗成本開銷。
相較高階精密儀器所分析的方法原理，化學呈色法能夠在短時間內就得到檢測結果，故本研究結合微流體紙基晶片檢測系統以及化學呈色法，使用奈米銀粒子膠體作為反應呈色劑，與重金屬汞標準品結合反應在紙基晶片上，利用顏色變化之RGB值建立標準曲線 (線性度R2>0.99)，接著將此檢測系統套入實際樣品之檢測，並將樣品檢測之RGB數值帶回公式，計算出食品中的汞含量。
本研究測定一般市售食用鹽巴中的汞含量及回收率，結果符合國家公告中方法學開發之回收率範圍70~125%。依據研究之結果，開發出能夠快速、經濟且操作簡單的檢測方案測定食品中的汞含量。

The hazards contained in today's environmental are enough to threaten ecology and human health. "Environmental Hormones" (EHs) are the most serious sources of hazards, including organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants, plastics and heavy metals. It accounts for a large proportion. Most of the heavy metal pollution comes from sewage and exhaust emissions. Excessive discharge will directly affect the increase in water pollution. The pollution of heavy metals in water is most dangerous by mercury. The accumulation of heavy metals in the human body will cause harm. Long-term exposure and exposure will To increase the probability of carcinogenesis, in order to avoid excessive intake of foods containing heavy metals, food manufacturers must strictly control the quality control of raw materials and products, so that the products can be tested and exported, and consumers can buy healthy and eat at ease.
The inspection methods of heavy metals in food are mostly high-end instruments, such as: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), mercury atomic fluorescence spectrometer (AFS), direct Direct mercury analyzer (DMA) and atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). In general food factories and even agricultural and fishery cooperative units, there is no way to carry out the operation of this inspection project. Often because of the high cost of inspection equipment, the cumbersome inspection process, and the need for professional operations, the owner usually adopts third-party inspection. It is a result that can be adopted by the government, but it cannot be used as a batch-by-batch screening and cannot reach the level of real-time monitoring; some manufacturers will use fast screening test paper as the method of detection point, but most of them are qualitative results, which are difficult to obtain correct inspection results. Therefore, it is inevitable to develop a method capable of quickly inspecting heavy metals, which can make the quality control of food factories more efficient, and at the same time reduce the inspection cost of the owners.
Compared with the method principles analyzed by higher-order precision instruments, the chemical color rendering method can obtain the detection results in a short time, so this study combines the microfluidic paper-based wafer detection system and the chemical color rendering method, using nano silver colloid as the reaction The coloring agent, combined with the heavy metal mercury standard, reacts on the paper-based wafer, uses the RGB value of the color change to establish a standard curve (R2> 0.99), and then sets the detection system into the actual sample detection, and the sample detection RGB The value is brought back to the formula to calculate the mercury content in the food.
In this study, demonstrated the recovery rate of mercury content detection in edible salt were in the range (70-125%)of methodologies which is government norm. Based on the results of this study, a rapid, economy, and simple detection method was developed to determine the mercury content in food.

目錄
頁次
中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅲ
誌謝 Ⅴ
目錄 Ⅶ
表目錄 ⅩⅡ
圖目錄 XⅢ
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻回顧 3
2.1汞的介紹 3
2.1.1汞的種類 3
2.1.2汞在生態鏈的循環 6
2.1.3汞檢測方法 8
2.2奈米粒子介紹 11
2.2.1奈米粒子介紹 11
2.2.2奈米粒子功能及用途 11
2.2.3奈米銀粒子 12
2.2.4奈米銀粒子檢測汞 14
2.3微流體介紹 18
2.3.1微流體紙基晶片 18
2.3.2紙基晶片的製造 21
2.3.3紙基晶片檢測法應用於食品分析 31
參、材料與方法 38
3.1實驗材料與設備 38
3.1.1 儀器設備 38
3.1.2 化學試藥 39
3.1.3 商業樣品選擇 40
3.2實驗方法 42
3.2.1奈米銀粒子最佳生成條件之探討 42
3.2.2奈米銀粒子鑑定 49
3.2.3傳統檢測法-奈米銀粒子光譜法與冷蒸氣原子吸收光譜法 50
3.2.4微流體紙基晶片檢測系統 52
3.2.4.1紙基晶片設計與製程 52
3.2.4.2微流體紙基晶片檢測機台設計與操作 56
3.2.4.3奈米銀粒子於紙基晶片上之表現 61
3.2.4.4微流體紙基檢測系統-建立汞標準曲線 62
肆、結果與討論 66
4.1奈米銀粒子鑑定 66
4.2探討生成奈米銀粒子之影響因子 75
4.3奈米銀粒子檢測汞之光譜法 84
4.4冷蒸氣原子吸收光譜法檢測汞 91
4.5微流體紙基晶片檢測系統 93
4.5.1紙基晶片結構觀察 93
4.5.2奈米銀粒子呈色劑於紙基晶片上之結構觀察 98
4.5.3紙基晶片結合奈米銀粒子檢測汞之最佳檢測參數 101
4.5.3.1最適檢測環境之光強度對檢測之表現性 101
4.5.3.2探討最佳檢測時間及檢測環境溫度 103
4.5.3.3最佳化反應試劑參數 106
4.5.4建立汞之檢測標準曲線 110
4.6樣品實際分析 112
4.7保存性試驗 115
伍、結論 117
參考文獻 122
作者簡介 141

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