臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

武俠文體在中文的文化系統中處於主流地位，但在英文的文化系統中卻處於非主流地位。由於武俠文體在兩個文化系統間的地位不同，造成英文文化系統中，缺乏對等的武俠詞彙，因此譯者必須透過翻譯策略，處理兩個文化系統間的落差。換句話說，武俠文體在英文文化系統中的地位會影響譯者的決策。有鑑於此，本研究旨在透過兩部武俠電影的字幕翻譯，探討過去二十多年到迄今，武俠文體在英文文化系統中的地位變化 (positional shift)，以及地位變化如何影響譯者。

本研究的資料取自兩部武俠電影，《臥虎藏龍》(2000) 與《臥虎藏龍：青冥寶劍》(2016)，並在埃文．佐哈爾 (Even-Zohar) 多元系統理論 (polysystem theory) 的架構下進行兩階段的資料分析。第一階段為判斷字幕翻譯達到的對等類型。第二階段以對等類型，推斷字幕翻譯是屬於圖里 (Toury) 初始規範 (initial norm) 中的充分翻譯 (adequate translation) 或可接受翻譯 (acceptable translation)，以利觀察到目前為止，武俠文體在英文文化系統中的地位變化。

本研究發現，第二部電影字幕的初始規範比較有彈性，有別於第一部的字幕大多偏向可接受翻譯。這代表武俠文體在過去二十年，逐漸在英文文化系統中建立對等的武俠詞彙，使得武俠文體逐漸接近英文文化系統中的主流地位。然而這些武俠詞彙的概念，並非完全等於中文文化系統中的武俠詞彙，因此，譯者雖然在中翻英時，能直接套用英文文化系統中的詞彙，但在英翻中時，卻需要斟酌中文文化系統中的概念，選擇適當的武俠詞彙。

This thesis aims at exploring how the position of wuxia genre of translated wuxia works in the English cultural system may change the translational norms by discussing difficulties occurring during the translation. The difficulties result mainly from the unequal situation of wuxia genre in the two cultures: it occupies a mainstream position in the network of Chinese film and literature, while occupying a marginal position in its English counterpart.

On the basis of the theoretical framework of Even-Zohar’s polysystem theory and Toury’s norm theory, this thesis analyzed wuxia-relevant subtitle translations collected from two significant American wuxia films – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) and Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny (2016). An experimental approach with a two-phase step was developed to identify the norms presented in the data. In the first phase, the types of equivalence of the data were examined to determine adequate/acceptable translations. In the second phase, the adequate/acceptable translations revealed the data’s initial norm, which was used to justify the positional shift of wuxia genre in the English system.

This thesis finds that wuxia genre has been moving closer toward a central position in the English cultural system over the past two decades, because translators were able to make a choice in the initial norm. The tendency demonstrates that an English wuxia lexicon has been gradually built, though their concepts may not be fully equivalent to those of Chinese wuxia lexicon. The shift enables translators to adopt the English lexicon when translating from Chinese to English, but it pushes the translators to search for precise terms when translating from English to Chinese.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgments iii
Figures and Tables v
List of Abbreviations vi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Questions 5
1.3 Outline of the Thesis 5
Chapter 2 Literature Review and Theory 7
2.1 The Research on the Two Selected American Wuxia Films 8
2.2 The Research on Wuxia-Genre Translation 9
2.3 Polysystem Theory in Translation 13
2.4 Toury’s Norms in Translation 15
Chapter 3 Methodology 18
3.1 The Selection of Data 18
3.2 Collection and Categorization of Data 21
3.3 The Analytical Framework 22
3.3.1 Types of Equivalence 23
3.3.2 The Analytical Procedure 27
Chapter 4 Data Analysis 30
4.1 Jianghu & Wulin 30
4.2 Xia 43
Chapter 5 Conclusion 59
5.1 Research Findings and Discussion 59
5.2 Significance of this Research 62
5.3 Limitations and Suggestions 63
References 65
Attachments 71

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