臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的在於，透過觀察塑膠與環保所產生之議題，利用微控制器開發，研製之一款塑膠分類回收的系統，結合條碼掃描器、APP、容量偵測及資料庫統計，達到在公共區域或小型回廠即可輕易分辨回收種類的目的，可減少人工成本，提高塑膠再製與提倡環保觀念；讓用戶端方便操作，也讓控制端蒐集數據方便監控。
首先，本研究為相關微控制器的應用、各個模組及傳輸協定；其次，研究塑膠關於回收的過程、政策及所產生的環境傷害，並參考各國的塑膠使用狀況及處理方式；最後，在兩者之間以節省人力成本為主要目的完成回收系統裝置
本研究使用兩種晶片控制，分別為盛群半導體股份有限公司所製造Flash Memory A/D type 8-bit MCU-HT66F2390微控制器作為主控晶片，及樂鑫信息科技股份有限公司所開發TCP/IP協議的Wi-Fi IoT控制晶片-ESP8266作為輔助控制晶片。在條碼掃描及分類部分，利用CCD條碼掃描模組透過UART將掃描到的條碼數值上傳雲端核對並判斷，依據所發送的訊號，開起相對應的閘門，以達到塑膠分類的效果，分類時間快速，能精準分類，避免人力分類所造成大量的時間及人工成本，也能減少失誤。數據資料上傳及APP部分，將詳細數據資料透過ESP8266連至Wi-Fi傳送至手機APP資料庫及ThingSpeak平台，搭配淺顯易懂的顯示介面，使用端及系統端能清楚得知目前分類塑膠的數量及品項，利於往後的分析，容量偵測部分，利用紅外線模組搭配手機推播，達成容量警示的功能，讓控制端可以即時知道系統裝置的狀況，在系統裝置容量已達95%便會停止運作，避免容量過多導致系統癱瘓。

The purpose of this research is to develop a plastic sorting and recycling system by observing the issues arising from plastics and environmental protection, using related microcontrollers, and combining barcode scanners, APP, capacity detection, and database statistics to achieve The purpose of recycling can be easily distinguished in public areas or small-scale return to the factory, which can reduce labor costs, improve plastic recycling and promote environmental protection concepts; make the user side easy to operate, and allow the control side to collect data for easy monitoring.
First of all, this research is about the application of the relevant microcontroller, each module and the transmission protocol; secondly, the research on the recycling process, policies and environmental damage caused by plastics, and refer to the use of plastics in various countries and the treatment methods; finally, in Between the two, the recovery system installation is completed with the main purpose of saving labor costs
This research uses two kinds of chip control, which are the Flash Memory A/D type 8-bit MCU-HT66F2390 microcontroller manufactured by Holtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. as the main control chip, and the TCP/IP protocol developed by Shanghai Espressif Systems The Wi-Fi IoT control chip-ESP8266 is used as an auxiliary control chip. In the barcode scanning and classification part, the CCD barcode scanning module is used to upload the scanned barcode value to the cloud through UART for verification and judgment. According to the signal sent, the corresponding gate is opened to achieve the effect of plastic classification, and the classification time is fast , Can accurately classify, avoid a lot of time and labor cost caused by labor classification, and can also reduce errors. In the data upload and APP part, the detailed data will be sent to the mobile APP database and ThingSpeak platform through the ESP8266 connected to Wi-Fi. With a simple and easy-to-understand display interface, the user and the system can clearly know the current number of classified plastics And items, which are conducive to future analysis. In the capacity detection part, the infrared module is used with the mobile phone to push and broadcast, to achieve the capacity warning function, so that the control terminal can know the status of the system device in real time, and the system device capacity has reached 95%. It will stop functioning to avoid system breakdown due to excessive capacity.

摘要 ...............................................i
Abstract ......................................ii
誌謝 ..............................................iv
目錄 ...............................................v
表目錄 .............................................vii
圖目錄 ............................................viii
第一章 緒論 .......................................1
1.1 前言 .......................................1
1.2 研究動機與目的 ...............................2
1.3 論文架構 .......................................3
第二章 塑膠分類與實驗理論探討 .......................4
2.1 塑膠回收分類簡介 ...............................4
2.1.1 塑膠材質及分類 .......................4
2.1.2 塑膠回收過程簡介 .......................7
2.1.3 資源回收政策 .......................8
2.1.4 塑膠回收再製產品 .......................9
2.2 紅外線簡介 ..............................10
2.3 條碼簡介 ......................................11
2.4 MQTT ......................................13
2.4.1 MQTT介紹 ......................13
2.4.2 MQTT 訊息原理 ......................14
2.4.3 MQTT服務品質(QoS) ..............15
2.5 Wi-Fi介紹 ..............................17
2.6 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter...18
2.6.1 UART簡介 ......................18
2.6.2 UART傳輸協定 ......................18
第三章 塑膠分類軟硬體系統架構 ......................19
3.1 元件介紹 ......................................19
3.1.1 微控制器HT66F2390 ..............19
3.1.2 NodeMCU v3 Lolin ESP8266開發板 ......20
3.1.3 CCD掃描辨識模組 ......................22
3.1.4 紅外線避障模組 ......................23
3.1.5 L9110S 雙通道直流電機驅動模組 ......24
3.1.6 DC3V-6V塑膠直流減速馬達 ..............25
3.2 系統架構 ......................................26
3.2.1 模型架構 ..............................26
3.2.2 硬體架構 ..............................29
3.2.3 軟體架構 ..............................30
3.2.3.1 條碼掃描端 ..............30
3.2.3.2 WIFI控制端 ..............31
第四章 實驗結果與討論 ..............................32
4.1 條碼掃描成功率測試 ......................33
4.2 塑膠分類與閘門機構 ......................34
4.3 APP介面說明 ..............................35
第五章 結論 ......................................37
5.1 結論 ......................................37
5.2 未來展望 ......................................37
參考文獻 ..............................................38
Extended Abstract ..............................43

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