臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究於2021年秋季至2022年春季期間，對高雄市三民區(市區)和燕巢區(郊區)，三個季節進行觀測，採集固相重金屬、氣固相鄰苯二甲酸酯(及其替代物)及多環芳香烴、揮發性有機物及醛酮類大氣中的樣本進行分析，並探討環境因子對污染物分布之影響。在季節變化方面，除了Vapour phase/PAEs外，重金屬、氣/固相PAHs、固相PAEs及醛酮類之結果，不論在市區或郊區都呈現冬季最高，推測與冬季大氣混合層高度較低，不利於污染物的擴散，且冬季盛行東北季風時，高屏地區位於尾流弱風區，導致空氣污染物較集中於高屏區不易擴散導致。而Vapour phase/PAEs則在秋季最高，這可能是由於較高的溫度會增加它們的排放率而導致。在分布變化方面，普遍呈現市區濃度大於郊區濃度，其主要原因推測於部分影響因素都與交通污染有關，且在吹北風時，市區採樣點會受到來自北方的仁大工業區而受影響；而吹南風時，市區採樣點也會先受到南方工業區(如臨海工業區及大發工業區)的影響。而PAEs則以市區有許多來源的釋放，塑料生產和消費的增加，加上環境條件，而產生更多的污染較為相關。

This study investigated the differences and influencing factors of heavy metals, phthalates (and their substitutes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbonyls in the air of urban (Sanmin) and suburban (Yanchao) Kaohsiung from autumn 2021 to spring 2022. The results showed that atmospheric heavy metals, gas/solid phase PAHs, solid phase PAEs and aldehydes and ketones were the highest in winter in urban or suburban areas. It is speculated that the pollutants are not easily diffused in winter. The Vapour phase/PAEs, on the other hand, were highest in autumn, possibly due to higher temperatures increasing their emission rates. The concentration of air pollutants in urban areas is generally higher than that in suburban areas. The PAEs are more related to the release of many sources in urban areas. The increase in plastic production and consumption, and environmental conditions, which generate more PAEs pollution in urban areas.

摘要 III
ABSTRACT IV
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XII
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 3
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 重金屬 4
2.2 半揮發性有機物 6
2.2.1 鄰苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate Esters﹐ PAEs) 6
2.2.2 多環芳香烴(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) 10
2.3 揮發性有機物 15
2.3.1 揮發性有機物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 15
2.3.2 醛酮化合物 17
2.4 國內外研究 19
2.4.1 季節濃度變化 19
2.4.2 市郊區分布變化 21
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1 研究架構 23
3.2 研究設計 24
3.2.1 實驗規劃 24
3.2.2 採樣時程規劃 25
3.2.3 採樣地點規劃 26
3.3 採樣設備及方法 28
3.3.1 固相採樣方法 28
3.3.2 氣相採樣方法 30
3.3.3 重金屬分析方法 31
3.3.4 PAEs分析方法 32
3.3.5 PAHs分析方法 34
3.3.6 揮發性有機物(VOCs)監測方法 36
3.3.7 醛酮化合物採樣分析方法 37
3.4 品保與品管 39
3.4.1 檢量線製備 39
3.4.2 偵測極限 39
3.5 統計分析 40
第四章 結果與討論 41
4.1 採樣期間之實際大氣情形 42
4.1.1 採樣期間之風速風向 42
4.1.2 採樣期間之溫溼度 45
4.2 重金屬之濃度結果 46
4.2.1 市區重金屬之季節濃度結果 46
4.2.2 郊區重金屬之季節濃度結果 48
4.2.3 重金屬之分布變化 50
4.3 多環芳香烴之濃度結果 52
4.3.1 市區多環芳香烴之季節濃度結果 52
4.3.2 郊區多環芳香烴之季節濃度結果 56
4.3.3 多環芳香烴之分布變化 60
4.4 鄰苯二甲酸酯及其替代物之濃度結果 62
4.4.1 市區鄰苯二甲酸酯及其替代物之季節濃度結果 62
4.4.2 郊區鄰苯二甲酸酯及其替代物之季節濃度結果 68
4.4.3 鄰苯二甲酸酯及其替代物之分布變化 73
4.5 醛酮類之濃度結果 76
4.5.1 市區醛酮類之季節濃度結果 76
4.5.2 郊區醛酮類之季節濃度結果 78
4.5.3 醛酮類之分布變化 80
4.6 揮發性有機物之濃度結果 81
4.6.1 揮發性有機物之分布變化 81
第五章 結論與建議 84
5.1 結論 84
5.2 建議 85
參考文獻 86
附錄 91
附錄1-重金屬濃度結果 91
市區採樣點PM2.5/重金屬季節變化之濃度(µg/m3) 91
市區採樣點PM2.5/重金屬季節變化之濃度(續) (µg/m3) 92
郊區採樣點PM2.5/重金屬季節變化之濃度(µg/m3) 93
郊區採樣點PM2.5/重金屬季節變化之濃度(續) (µg/m3) 94
市郊區之PM2.5/重金屬濃度分布變化(µg/m3) 95
市郊區之PM2.5/重金屬濃度分布變化(續) (µg/m3) 96
附錄2-多環芳香烴濃度結果 97
市區採樣點PM2.5/PAHs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 97
市區採樣點PM2.5/PAHs季節變化之濃度(續) (ng/m3) 98
郊區採樣點PM2.5/PAHs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 99
郊區採樣點PM2.5/PAHs季節變化之濃度(續) (ng/m3) 100
市郊區之PM2.5/PAHs濃度分布變化(ng/m3) 101
市郊區之PM2.5/PAHs濃度分布變化(續) (ng/m3) 102
市區採樣點Vapour phase/PAHs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 103
郊區採樣點Vapour phase/PAHs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 104
市郊區之Vapour phase/PAHs濃度分布變化(ng/m3) 105
附錄3-鄰苯二甲酸酯濃度結果 106
市區採樣點PM2.5/PAEs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 106
郊區採樣點PM2.5/PAEs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 107
市郊區之PM2.5/PAEs濃度分布變化(ng/m3) 108
市區採樣點PM2.5~10/PAEs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 109
郊區採樣點PM2.5~10/PAEs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 110
市郊區之PM2.5~10/PAEs濃度分布變化(ng/m3) 111
市區採樣點Vapour phase/PAEs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 112
郊區採樣點Vapour phase/PAEs季節變化之濃度(ng/m3) 113
市郊區之Vapour phase/PAEs濃度分布變化(ng/m3) 114
附錄4-醛酮類濃度結果 115
市區採樣點醛酮類季節變化之濃度(ppb) 115
郊區採樣點醛酮類季節變化之濃度(ppb) 115
市郊區之醛酮類濃度分布變化(ppb) 116
附錄5-VOCs濃度結果 117
市郊區之VOCs濃度分布變化(ppb) 117
市郊區之VOCs濃度分布變化(續)(ppb) 118

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